CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
The writer uses descriptive quantitave method in analyzing the data. Lexy in his book Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif 2005:3 states that penelitian
kuantitatif mencakup setiap jenis penelitian yang didasarkan atas perhitungan persentase, rata-rata, kuadrat, dan perhitungan statistik lainnya. In the quantitative
method the writer calculates the percentage of the cohesive devices found in selected short stories of Ernest in order to show the dominance in its use.
Besides the quantitative method, the writer also uses descriptive method because it gives a description of the cohesive devices. Lexy in the same book Metodologi
Penelitian Kuantitatif 2005:4 states that penelitian deskriptif sebagai prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari
orang-orang dan perilaku yang diamati. The writer will analyze the data by describing what types of cohesive devices Hemingway uses in his selected short stories.
3.2 Population and Sample
A population is a group of individuals persons, objects, or items from which samples are taken for measurement while a sample is a finite part of a statistical
population whose properties are studied to gain information about the whole Webster, 2003: 966.- The data is acquired from The First Forty Nine Short Stories of Ernest
Hemingway which was first published in Taipei, 1987. The writer takes only three short stories purposively as her sample related with the rural life and nature as their
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background. Arikunto 1987:135-140 states “Sampel bertujuan atau purposive sample adalah teknik sampling yang digunakan peneliti dengan cara mengambil sampel bukan
didasarkan atas strata, random, atau daerah tetapi didasarkan atas adanya tujuan atau pertimbangan tertentt. Pengambilan sample dengan bertujuan ini cukup baik
karena sesuai dengan pertimbangan peneliti sendiri sehingga dapat mewakili populasi.” Purposive sample is a technique of sampling that is used by a researcher
with taking sample because there are some certain purposes or considerations. This research analyzes all sentences that contain cohesive devices found in three
selected short stories.
3.3 Data Collecting Method
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