of the people who tell them. The word ‘traditional narratives’ takes the form of synonym namely ‘myths’.
The writer’s analysis is the field of discourse analysis. Discourse consists of several types; they are narrative, exposition, conversation, and poem. Based on the form
of discourse, short story is a short prose narrative which usually focuses on a single and clear problem. Tarigan 1987: 57 says, “Wacana prosa adalah wacana yang
disampaikan dalam bentuk prosa. Wacana ini dapat tertulis atau lisan dan dapat pula dengan pembeberan atau penuturan. Novel, cerita pendek, dan sebagainya merupakan
contoh-contoh wacana prosa.” Like other types of discourse, short story must have texture. To make such texture, of course, there must be cohesive devices used in a short
story. Thus, the writer is eager to analyze cohesive devices in short stories. Ernest Hemingway is an American writer. He was born in Oak Park, Illinois, in
1899. Most of his works especially his short stories The Light of the World, Hills Like White Elephants and A Clean- Well Lighted Place relate with the rural life and take
nature as their background. He also employs cohesive devices in his short stories in making cohesive effect to the short stories. So, it helps the readers to understand the
unity of the text easier. These things make the writer chooses to analyze Ernest Hemingway’s short stories as the object of an analysis.
1.2 Scope of the Analysis
The analysis which is done by the writer is the field of discourse analysis. In this case, the writer would like to scope this thesis only about the analysis of cohesive
devices: reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion found in text
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of selected short stories of Ernest Hemingway : The Light of the World, and Hills Like White Elephants and A Clean- Well Lighted Place.
1.3 Problem of the Analysis
Based on the background of the analysis above, some questions to answer in this
thesis are: 1.
What are types of cohesive devices occurred in selected short stories of Ernest Hemingway
2. What is the frequency of each type of cohesive devices occurred in selected
short stories of Ernest Hemingway showing the dominance in use?
1.4 Objective of the Analysis
In line with the object of the analysis above, my thesis has purpose as listed below: 1.
To find out the types of cohesive devices occurred in selected short stories of Ernest Hemingway.
2. To find out the frequency of each type of cohesive devices occurred in selected
short stories of Ernest Hemingway showing the dominance in use.
1.5 Significance of the Analysis
This analysis is expected to be able to give some significance both practically and theoretically. It is expected that this analysis is practically very significant for better
understanding about the very basics principles of cohesive devices. Analysis of these cohesive links within a text gives us some insight into how writers structure what they
want to say and shows how one sentence or paragraph relates with another sentence or paragraph. Thus, it helps us to understand the unity of the text easier.
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Further, this analysis is theoretically also expected to be useful as one reference for the readers who are interested in analyzing the same subject.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERARURE
