AN ANALYSIS OF REGISTER USED BY BACKPACKER IN COUCHSURFING SOCIAL NETWORKING
AN ANALYSIS OF REGISTER USED BY BACKPACKER IN
COUCHSURFING SOCIAL NETWORKING
THESIS
BY:
IKA RINAWATI
07360046
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2014
AN ANALYSIS OF REGISTER USED BY BACKPACKER IN
COUCHSURFING SOCIAL NETWORKING
THESIS
This Thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana
Degree in English Education
BY:
IKA RINAWATI
07360046
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2014
This thesis written by Ika Rinawati was approved on April 30, 2014.
By:
Advisor II,
Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M.
Advisor I,
Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd.
This Thesis was defended in front of the Examiners of the Faculty of Teacher
Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of the Requirement to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
on April 30, 2014
Approved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
Dr. Poncojari Wahyono, M.Kes
Examiners:
Signatures:
1. Drs. Jarum, M.Ed
1.
2. Dian Arsitades, S.Pd., M.Pd
2.
3. Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd.
3.
.
4. Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M.
4.
..
MOTTO
You can if you want
DEDICATION:
I Dedicated My Study for My Own Life
I Dedicated My Graduation for My Parents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, all thanks due to Allah SWT, because of His gracious,
mercies, blessing and gives the writer a power of spirits to finish this thesis.
Sholawat and greeting to the greatest prophet Muhammmad SAW who has bring
us from the darkness to the lightness.
Furthermore, I would like to express my deepest thank to Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd
and Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M for their advice, correction, motivation and ideas in
guiding mi thesis until finished. My gratitude also goes to all lecturers of English
Department in the University of Muhammadiyah Malang for knowledge that may
worthwhile.
Indeed, I would like to thank to my beloved Mother (Sukirah) and Father
(Suyud Mawardi) who always give me support and prayers so that this thesis
could be completed. For my big family in Malang and Boyolali thank for your
support.
To my boarding house s friend (Tina Yo, Dedek Ck, Lika Kyy, Rina, Rara,
Nila Nil and Widut) thank for your togetherness and kindness, help and support.
To my friend at English Department 07 (Sate, Mbokde Mila, Varissa Mami and
Ika Lara) thank for your help and support. Thank to Infinite, your songs always
accompany me and lift up my mood when I feel down.
Malang, April 30, 2014
The Writer,
Ika Rinawati
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................i
LEGALIZATION ......................................................................................... ii
MOTTO .........................................................................................................iii
DEDICATION...............................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................iv
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENT................................................................................vi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................. 4
1.3 Purpose of the Study.......................................................................... 4
1.4 Significant of the Study .................................................................... 4
1.5 Scope and Limitation ........................................................................ 5
1.6 Definition of the Key Term .............................................................. 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Sociolinguistics ................................................................................. 6
2.2 Language Varieties ........................................................................... 8
2.2.1 Dialect .................................................................................... 9
2.2.2 Style ....................................................................................... 10
2.2.3 Slang ...................................................................................... 11
2.2.4 Pidgins ................................................................................... 11
2.2.5 Creoles .................................................................................. 12
2.2.6 Jargon .................................................................................... 13
2.2.7 Register ................................................................................. 13
2.2.7.1 Definition of Register .............................................. 14
2.2.7.2 The Function of Register ......................................... 15
2.2.7.3 Characteristic of Register ........................................ 16
2.2.7.4 Type of Register ...................................................... 16
2.3 Social Media .................................................................................... 19
2.3.1 Kinds of Social Media ........................................................... 21
2.4 Social Networking ........................................................................... 24
2.5 CouchSurfing ................................................................................... 24
2.6 Backpacker ...................................................................................... 25
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design .............................................................................. 26
3.2 Research Object ............................................................................... 27
3.3 Research Instrument ........................................................................ 28
3.4 Data Collection Procedure ............................................................... 29
3.5 Data Analysis ................................................................................... 30
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISSCUSION
4.1 Research Findings ............................................................................ 31
4.1.1 The Register Used by Backpacker in CouchSurfing Social
Networking ..................................................................................... 31
4.1.2 The Meaning of the Register Used by Backpacker in
CouchSurfing Social Networking .................................................. 38
4.2 Discussion ........................................................................................ 49
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusions ..................................................................................... 51
5.2 Suggestions ...................................................................................... 52
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
REFERENCES
Adler and Clark. 2003. How It s Done An Invitation to Social Research. Second
Edition. Wadsworth a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Alfarisi, Reza Azwan. An Analysis of Code Mixing Used by Users to Update
Status on Facebook. Unpublished. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah
Malang.
Ary, Donald. Et.al. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education. Eight Edition.
New York: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.
Basyori, Imam. 2012. Register Used in Photography Field (A Case Study in
Photographic Community at UMM). Unpublished. Malang: University of
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Boyd, Danah M and Nicole B. Ellison. 2008. Social Network Sites: De nition,
History,
and
Scholarship .
Journal
of
Computer-Mediated
Communication 13(2008) 210 230.
Creswell, John W. 2012. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and
Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Fourth Edition.
Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
Fajarwati, Putri Dwi. 2011. The Register of The Advertisement in The Iklan Jitu
Section of The
Jawa Pos
Daily Newspaper. Unpublished. Malang:
University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Fromkin, Victoria. Et.al. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Seventh Edition.
USA: Thomson Corporation.
Indriyani, Desi. 2008. A Study on Military Registers Used by
ARHANUD
Community Karangploso Malang. Unpublished. Malang : University of
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Markward, Anne. 2008. Backpackers: The Next Generation?. Unpublished
Thesis. New Zealand: Auckland University of Technology.
Mayfield, Antony. 2008. What is Social Media?. iCrossing.
McFedries, Paul. 2009. Internet Simplified. Indianapolis: Wiley.
Mesthrie, Rajen. Et.al. 2009. Introduction Sociolinguistics. Second Edition.
Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Milroy, L and Gordon, M. 2003. Sociolinguistics Method and Interpretation.USA:
Blackwell Published Ltd.
Mujiningsih. 2004. A Study on Register Used by Tapak Suci Community at
Muhammadiyah University of Malang. Unpublished. Malang: University
of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Perlroth, Nicole. 2011. Non-Profit CouchSurfing Raises Millions In Funding.
(Online),
(http://www.forbes.com/sites/nicoleperlroth/2011/08/24/non-
profit-couchsurfing-raises-millions-in-funding/).
Radford, Andrew. 2009. Linguistics. An Introduction. Second Edition. United
Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Syukriati. 2008. A Study of Cinematography Register Used by
Community
of
UMM.
Unpublished.
Malang:
Kine Club
University
of
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Fifth Edition.
Oxford: Blackwell
www.couchsurfing.org/about/media, downloaded on December 14,2012 9.43 pm.
1
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✒✕✚✜✛✏✔✜ ✗✣ ✓✌✔ ✎✚✶✏✑✦✦✔✜ organs of speech . Human needs language to interact to
each other. Without language, people will have difficulty in communicating. Certain
individuals may have same language or dialect or language variety. It is called speech
community. Wardhaugh described that speech community is some kind of social
group whose speech characteristics are of interest and can be described in a coherent
manner (2006:119).
1
2
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✹✼✻❉ ✹✼✸ ✽❂✾✻✸❄❁ ◆❂✼ ❈✹✽✸❃✼ ❄✹❈✺✻✸❳ ■✹❄❂✸❁❂✸■ ❁❇❂■ ❂■ ❂✼❄❃✸✾■❂✼✿✻❉ ❀✼✻❂❊✸✻❉;
but it is theoretically possible, and it used to be the norm), it is not possible to
go through life using only one register. The register reflects another aspect of
the social order, that of social processes, the different types of social activity
that people commonly engage in.
Register is special words used in a particular place and time in accordance
with the purpose registers itself. Humans may only use one dialect in his life but does
not prevent the possibility that humans use more than one kind of register. Registers
are closely related to human activities especially in work or social group which
require registers to facilitate communication and make communication easier. A
social process that involves people which usually called social order is another
reflection of register.
Register is specific word used by a profession or social group and unfamiliar
for the other social groups or profession. Register helps people to express their
identity at a speci c time or place. According to Wardhaugh (2006:52), registers are
sets of language items associated with discrete occupational or social groups.
3
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♥❝♠♠❪❬❪❴❢ ❬❪❭❝❵❢❪❬❵♣
q❪❭❝❵❢❪❬ ❫♠❢❪❴ ❩❵❪♥ ❣♦ ❵❫❥❝❜❞ ❭❬❫❩❡ rs❝❥s ❢s❪ ✐❪✐❣❪❬ s❜t❪ ❵❝✐❝❞❜❬ ❜❥❢❝t❝❢❝❪❵
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❢❬❜t❪❞❪❬ r❝❢s ❞❫r✇❣❩♥❭❪❢ ❜❴♥ s❫❞♥ ❣❜❥❤❡❜❥❤ ❫❴ ❢s❪❝❬ ❣❜❥❤♣ ①❥❥❫❬♥❝❴❭ ❢❫ ②❪❜❬❥❪ ❝❴
③❜❬❤r❜❬♥ ④s❪❵❝❵ ⑤ 2008⑥ ❫❬❝❭❝❴❜❞ ♥❪♠❝❴❝❢❝❫❴ ❫♠ ❣❜❥❤❡❜❥❤❪❬❵ ❝❴❥❞❩♥❪♥ ❜ ❡❬❪♠❪❬❪❴❥❪ ♠❫❬
❣❩♥❭❪❢ ❜❥❥❫✐✐❫♥❜❢❝❫❴ ❜❴♥ ❪✐❡s❜❵❪❵ ❫❴ ✐❪❪❢❝❴❭ ❫❢s❪❬ ❢❬❜t❪❞❞❪❬❵❛ ♠❞❪⑦❝❣❞❪ ❝❢❝❴❪❬❜❬❝❪❵❛
❞❫❴❭❪❬ ❬❜❢s❪❬ ❢s❜❴ ❵s❫❬❢❪❬ s❫❞❝♥❜♦❵ ❜❴♥ ❝❴♠❫❬✐❜❞ ❜❴♥ ❡❜❬❢❝❥❝❡❜❢❫❬♦ s❫❞❝♥❜♦❵♣
✈❜❥❤❡❜❥❤❪❬ ❫♠❢❪❴ ♥❫❪❵ ❴❫❢ ❭❫ ❜❞❫❴❪♣ ❨❫✐❪❢❝✐❪❵ ❣❜❥❤❡❜❥❤❪❬❵ ❞❫❫❤ ♠❫❬ ♠❬❝❪❴♥ rs❫ s❜❵
❵❜✐❪ ♥❪❵❢❝❴❜❢❝❫❴ ❝❴ ❢❬❜t❪❞❞❝❴❭ ❜❴♥ ❴❪❪♥ ❢❫ ❥❫✐✐❩❴❝❥❜❢❪♣ ④s❪ ♥❪t❪❞❫❡✐❪❴❢ ❫♠
❢❪❥s❴❫❞❫❭♦ ❝❴♠❞❩❪❴❥❪❵ ❢s❪ r❜♦ ❡❪❫❡❞❪ ❢❫ ❥❫✐✐❩❴❝❥❜❢❪♣ ❨❫❥❝❜❞ ❴❪❢r❫❬❤ ❥❜❴ ❣❪ ❜
✐❪♥❝❜ ❢❫ ❥❫✐✐❩❴❝❥❜❢❪♣ ⑧❫❩❥s❵❩❬♠❝❴❭ ❝❵ ❜ ❵❫❥❝❜❞ ❴❪❢r❫❬❤❝❴❭ ❜❵ ❜ ♠❫❬❩✐ ❢❫
❥❫✐✐❩❴❝❥❜❢❪ ❣❪❢r❪❪❴ ❣❜❥❤❡❜❥❤❪❬ ❜❬❫❩❴♥ ❢s❪ r❫❬❞♥♣
⑨❴ ❢s❪ ❡❬❪t❝❫❩❵ ❬❪❵❪❜❬❥s❛ ②❩❢❬❝ ⑩r❝ ❶❜❦❜❬r❜❢❝ ⑤ 2011⑥ rs❫ ❵❢❩♥❝❪♥ ❜❣❫❩❢ ❷ ④s❪
q❪❭❝❵❢❪❬ ❫♠ ④s❪ ①♥t❪❬❢❝❵❪✐❪❴❢ ❝❴ ④s❪ ❷⑨❤❞❜❴ ❸❝❢❩ Section of The Jawa Pos Daily
Newspaper stated that some group of people who are using register as a means of
communication both spoken or written. Syukriati (2008) resulted in her study A
Study of Cinematography Register Used by Kine Club Community of UMM
register makes the communication easier, more effective, and simple in order to make
person more effectively and easily to join with other member. Previous research
conducted by Mujiningsih (2004) on the A Study on Register Used by Tapak Suci
Community at Muhammadiyah University of Malang found that register used to
show identity or to create distinction between certain group or society.
4
❹❺❻❼❽ ❽❼❾❿➀➁➂ ❻➃❼ ➄❽❼➅➀➆➇➈ ❽❼➈❼❾❽➉➃❼➈➊ ❻➃❼ ➋❽➀❻❼❽ ➀➈ ➀➁❻❼❽❼➈❻❼❿ ❻➆ ❾➁❾➌➍➎❼
❽❼➂➀➈❻❼❽➏ ➐➃❼ ➋❽➀❻❼❽ ➋❾➁❻➈ ❻➆ ❾➁❾➌➍➎❼ ❻➃❼ ➇➈❼❿ ➆❺ ❽❼➂➀➈❻❼❽ ➑➍ ➑❾➉➒➄❾➉➒❼❽ ➀➁
➓➆➇➉➃➈➇❽❺➀➁➂ ➈➆➉➀❾➌ ➁❼❻➋➆❽➒➏ ➐➃❼ ➑❾➉➒➄❾➉➒❼❽ ➋❾➈ ➉➃➆➈❼➁ ➑❼➉❾➇➈❼ ➑❾➉➒➄❾➉➒❼❽ ❻❽❾➅❼➌➈
❻➆ ➔❾➁➍ ➅❾❽➀➆➇➈ ➉➆➇➁❻❽➀❼➈ ➈➆ ❻➃❼➍ ➇➁❿❼❽➈❻❾➁❿ ➆❽ ➔❾➈❻❼❽ ❻➃❼ →➁➂➌➀➈➃ ➌❾➁➂➇❾➂❼➏ ➐➃❼
➑❾➉➒➄❾➉➒❼❽ ❽❼➂➀➈❻❼❽➈ ❾❽❼ ➀➁ →➁➂➌➀➈➃➏
➣↔↕ ➙➛➜➛➝➞➝➟➛ ➠➡ ➛➢➝ ➤➥➠➦➧➝➞
➨❾➈❼❿ ➆➁ ❻➃❼ ➑❾➉➒➂❽➆➇➁❿ ➆❺ ❻➃❼ ➈❻➇❿➍ ❾➑➆➅❼➊ ❻➃❼ ➄❽➆➑➌❼➔➈ ❾❽❼ ➈❻❾❻❼❿ ❾➈
❺➆➌➌➆➋➈:
1➏ W➃❾❻ ❾❽❼ ❻➃❼ ❽❼➂➀➈❻❼❽➈ ➇➈❼❿ ➑➍ ➑❾➉➒➄❾➉➒❼❽
➀➁ ➓➆➇➉➃➈➇❽❺➀➁➂ ➈➆➉➀❾➌ ➁❼❻➋➆❽➒➀➁➂?
2. What are the meanings of the registers used by backpacker in Couchsurfing
social networking?
➣↔➩ ➤➫➥ pose of the Study
The purpose of the study is as follows:
1. To describe the registers used by backpacker in Couchsurfing social
networking.
2. To explain the meaning of the registers used by backpacker in Couchsurfing
social networking.
1.4 Significance of the Study
Theoretically, this study is expected to give benefit to enlarge our knowledge
in knowing the registers used by backpacker.
5
➭➯➲➳➵➸➳➲➺➺➻➼ ➵➽➸➾ ➾➵➚➪➻ ➸➾ ➶➹➘➶➳➵➶➪ ➵➴ ➷➸➬➶ ➸➮➱➴➯✃➲➵➸➴➮ ➱➴➯ ➵➽➶ ➵➶➲➳➽➶➯➾ ❐➽➴
❐➲➮➵ ➵➴ ➷➸➬➶ ❒➮➴❐➺➶➪➷➶ ➵➴ ➵➽➶➸➯ ➾➵➚➪➶➮➵➾ ➲❮➴➚➵ ➯➶➷➸➾➵➶➯❰ Ï➽➸➾ ➾➵➚➪➻ ➸➾ ➲➺➾➴ ➶➹➘➶➳➵➶➪
➱➴➯ ➵➽➶ ➮➶➹➵ ➯➶➾➶➲➯➳➽➶➯ ➲➾ ➲➮ ➸➮➘➚➵ ➯➶➺➲➵➶➪ ➵➴ ➯➶➾➶➲➯➳➽ ➸➮ ➵➽➶ ➱➴➺➺➴❐➸➮➷ ➯➶➺➲➵➶➪
➲➮➲➺➻➾➶➾❰
ÐÑÒ ÓÔÕÖ× ØÙÚ ÛÜÝÜÞØÞÜÕÙ
ß➲➾➶➪ ➴➮ ➵➽➶ ❮➲➳❒➷➯➴➚➮➪ ➴➱ ➵➽➶ ➾➵➚➪➻➼ ➵➽➶ ➾➵➚➪➻ ➽➲➾ ➾➳➴➘➶ ➲➮➪ ➺➸✃➸➵➲➵➸➴➮❰
Ï➽➶ ➾➳➴➘➶ ➴➱ ➵➽➸➾ ➾➵➚➪➻ ➸➾ ➱➴➳➚➾➶➪ ➴➮ ➵➽➶ ➚➾➶ ➴➱ ➯➶➷➸➾➵➶➯ ➚➾➶➪ ❮➻ ❮➲➳❒➘➲➳❒➶➯ ➸➮
à➴➚➳➽➾➚➯➱➸➮➷ ➴➮ á➲➮➚➲➯➻ 3 ➵➴ 9➼ 2014❰ â➮ ➲➪➪➸➵➸➴➮➼ ➵➽➸➾ ➾➵➚➪➻ ➸➾ ➺➸✃➸➵➶➪ ➵➴ ➵➽➶ ➯➶➷➸➾➵➶➯
➸➮ ➵➽➶ à➴➚➳➽➾➚➯➱➸➮➷ ã➲➺➲➮➷➼ ä➚➯➲❮➲➻➲➼ ➲➮➪ å➴➷➻➲❒➲➯➵➲ ➷➯➴➚➘ ➘➴➾➵➸➮➷❰
ÐÑæ ç×èÜÙÜÞÜÕÙ Õè Þé× ê×ë ì×íÝî
Ï➴ ➲➬➴➸➪ ✃➸➾➚➮➪➶➯➾➵➲➮➪➸➮➷➼ ➵➽➶ ❒➶➻ ➵➶➯✃➾ ➸➮ ➵➽➸➾ ➾➵➚➪➻ ➲➯➶ ➪➶➱➸➮➶➪ ➲➾ ➱➴➺➺➴❐➾ :
1❰ ï➶➷➸➾➵➶➯➾ ➲➯➶ ➾➶➵➾ ➴➱ ➺➲➮➷➚➲➷➶ ➸➵➶✃➾ ➲➾➾➴➳➸➲➵➶➪ ❐➸➵➽ ➪➸➾➳➯➶➵➶ ➴➳➳➚➘➲➵➸➴➮➲➺ ➴➯
➾➴➳➸➲➺ ➷➯➴➚➘❰ ð W➲➯➪➽➲➚➷➽➼ ñòòñó51ô
2❰ ß➲➳❒➘➲➳❒➶➯ ➸➾ ➸➮➳➺➚➪➶➪ ➲ ➘➯➶➱➶➯➶➮➳➶ ➱➴➯ ❮➚➪➷➶➵ ➲➳➳➴✃✃➴➪➲➵➸➴➮ ➲➮➪ ➶✃➘➽➲➾➶➾
➴➮ ✃➶➶➵➸➮➷ ➴➵➽➶➯ ➵➯➲➬➶➺➺➶➯➾➼ ➱➺➶➹➸❮➺➶ ➸➵➸➮➶➯➲➯➸➶➾➼ ➺➴➮➷➶➯ ➯➲➵➽➶➯ ➵➽➲➮ ➾➽➴➯➵➶➯
➽➴➺➸➪➲➻➾ ➲➮➪ ➸➮➱➴➯✃➲➺ ➲➮➪ ➘➲➯➵➸➳➸➘➲➵➴➯➻ ➽➴➺➸➪➲➻➾❰ ð➭➶➲➯➳➶➼ õööòô
3❰ à➴➚➳➽➾➚➯➱➸➮➷ ➸➾ ➲ ➮➴➮÷➘➯➴➱➸➵ ❐➶❮➾➸➵➶ ➵➽➲➵ ➳➴➮➮➶➳➵➾ ➷➺➴❮➲➺ ➵➯➲➬➶➺➶➯➾ ❐➸➵➽
➺➴➳➲➺➾➼ ➽➲➾ ➴➘➵➶➪ ➵➴ ➲➳➳➶➘➵ $7.6 million in funding from Benchmark Capital
and Omidyar Network. (Perlroth, 2011)
4. Social networking is a web service that enables you to connect with people
who share similar personal or professional interests. (McFedries, 2009)
COUCHSURFING SOCIAL NETWORKING
THESIS
BY:
IKA RINAWATI
07360046
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2014
AN ANALYSIS OF REGISTER USED BY BACKPACKER IN
COUCHSURFING SOCIAL NETWORKING
THESIS
This Thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana
Degree in English Education
BY:
IKA RINAWATI
07360046
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2014
This thesis written by Ika Rinawati was approved on April 30, 2014.
By:
Advisor II,
Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M.
Advisor I,
Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd.
This Thesis was defended in front of the Examiners of the Faculty of Teacher
Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of the Requirement to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
on April 30, 2014
Approved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
Dr. Poncojari Wahyono, M.Kes
Examiners:
Signatures:
1. Drs. Jarum, M.Ed
1.
2. Dian Arsitades, S.Pd., M.Pd
2.
3. Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd.
3.
.
4. Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M.
4.
..
MOTTO
You can if you want
DEDICATION:
I Dedicated My Study for My Own Life
I Dedicated My Graduation for My Parents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, all thanks due to Allah SWT, because of His gracious,
mercies, blessing and gives the writer a power of spirits to finish this thesis.
Sholawat and greeting to the greatest prophet Muhammmad SAW who has bring
us from the darkness to the lightness.
Furthermore, I would like to express my deepest thank to Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd
and Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M for their advice, correction, motivation and ideas in
guiding mi thesis until finished. My gratitude also goes to all lecturers of English
Department in the University of Muhammadiyah Malang for knowledge that may
worthwhile.
Indeed, I would like to thank to my beloved Mother (Sukirah) and Father
(Suyud Mawardi) who always give me support and prayers so that this thesis
could be completed. For my big family in Malang and Boyolali thank for your
support.
To my boarding house s friend (Tina Yo, Dedek Ck, Lika Kyy, Rina, Rara,
Nila Nil and Widut) thank for your togetherness and kindness, help and support.
To my friend at English Department 07 (Sate, Mbokde Mila, Varissa Mami and
Ika Lara) thank for your help and support. Thank to Infinite, your songs always
accompany me and lift up my mood when I feel down.
Malang, April 30, 2014
The Writer,
Ika Rinawati
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................i
LEGALIZATION ......................................................................................... ii
MOTTO .........................................................................................................iii
DEDICATION...............................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................iv
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENT................................................................................vi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................. 4
1.3 Purpose of the Study.......................................................................... 4
1.4 Significant of the Study .................................................................... 4
1.5 Scope and Limitation ........................................................................ 5
1.6 Definition of the Key Term .............................................................. 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Sociolinguistics ................................................................................. 6
2.2 Language Varieties ........................................................................... 8
2.2.1 Dialect .................................................................................... 9
2.2.2 Style ....................................................................................... 10
2.2.3 Slang ...................................................................................... 11
2.2.4 Pidgins ................................................................................... 11
2.2.5 Creoles .................................................................................. 12
2.2.6 Jargon .................................................................................... 13
2.2.7 Register ................................................................................. 13
2.2.7.1 Definition of Register .............................................. 14
2.2.7.2 The Function of Register ......................................... 15
2.2.7.3 Characteristic of Register ........................................ 16
2.2.7.4 Type of Register ...................................................... 16
2.3 Social Media .................................................................................... 19
2.3.1 Kinds of Social Media ........................................................... 21
2.4 Social Networking ........................................................................... 24
2.5 CouchSurfing ................................................................................... 24
2.6 Backpacker ...................................................................................... 25
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design .............................................................................. 26
3.2 Research Object ............................................................................... 27
3.3 Research Instrument ........................................................................ 28
3.4 Data Collection Procedure ............................................................... 29
3.5 Data Analysis ................................................................................... 30
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISSCUSION
4.1 Research Findings ............................................................................ 31
4.1.1 The Register Used by Backpacker in CouchSurfing Social
Networking ..................................................................................... 31
4.1.2 The Meaning of the Register Used by Backpacker in
CouchSurfing Social Networking .................................................. 38
4.2 Discussion ........................................................................................ 49
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusions ..................................................................................... 51
5.2 Suggestions ...................................................................................... 52
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
REFERENCES
Adler and Clark. 2003. How It s Done An Invitation to Social Research. Second
Edition. Wadsworth a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Alfarisi, Reza Azwan. An Analysis of Code Mixing Used by Users to Update
Status on Facebook. Unpublished. Malang: University of Muhammadiyah
Malang.
Ary, Donald. Et.al. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education. Eight Edition.
New York: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.
Basyori, Imam. 2012. Register Used in Photography Field (A Case Study in
Photographic Community at UMM). Unpublished. Malang: University of
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Boyd, Danah M and Nicole B. Ellison. 2008. Social Network Sites: De nition,
History,
and
Scholarship .
Journal
of
Computer-Mediated
Communication 13(2008) 210 230.
Creswell, John W. 2012. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and
Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Fourth Edition.
Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
Fajarwati, Putri Dwi. 2011. The Register of The Advertisement in The Iklan Jitu
Section of The
Jawa Pos
Daily Newspaper. Unpublished. Malang:
University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Fromkin, Victoria. Et.al. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Seventh Edition.
USA: Thomson Corporation.
Indriyani, Desi. 2008. A Study on Military Registers Used by
ARHANUD
Community Karangploso Malang. Unpublished. Malang : University of
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Markward, Anne. 2008. Backpackers: The Next Generation?. Unpublished
Thesis. New Zealand: Auckland University of Technology.
Mayfield, Antony. 2008. What is Social Media?. iCrossing.
McFedries, Paul. 2009. Internet Simplified. Indianapolis: Wiley.
Mesthrie, Rajen. Et.al. 2009. Introduction Sociolinguistics. Second Edition.
Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Milroy, L and Gordon, M. 2003. Sociolinguistics Method and Interpretation.USA:
Blackwell Published Ltd.
Mujiningsih. 2004. A Study on Register Used by Tapak Suci Community at
Muhammadiyah University of Malang. Unpublished. Malang: University
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profit-couchsurfing-raises-millions-in-funding/).
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Syukriati. 2008. A Study of Cinematography Register Used by
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Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Fifth Edition.
Oxford: Blackwell
www.couchsurfing.org/about/media, downloaded on December 14,2012 9.43 pm.
1
✁✂✄☎✆✝ ✞
✞✟☎✝✠✡☛ ☎✞✠✟
☞✌✍✎ ✏✌✑✒✓✔✕ ✒✕✔✎✔✖✓✎ ✗✑✏✘✙✕✚✛✖✜ ✚✢ ✓✌✔ ✎✓✛✜✣✤ ✎✓✑✓✔✥✔✖✓ ✚✢ ✓✌✔ ✒✕✚✗✦✔✥✤
✒✛✕✒✚✎✔ ✚✢ ✓✌✔ ✎✓✛✜✣✤ ✎✍✙✖✍✢✍✏✑✖✏✔ ✚✢ ✓✌✔ ✎✓✛✜✣✤ ✎✏✚✒✔ ✑✖✜ ✦✍✥✍✓✑✓✍✚✖✤ ✑✖✜ ✜✔✢✍✖✍✓✍✚✖ ✚✢
✓✌✔ ✘✔✣ ✓✔✕✥✧
★✩★ ✪✫✬kground of the Study
✭✚✏✍✚✦✍✖✙✛✍✎✓✍✏✎ ✍✎ ✑ ✎✓✛✜✣ ✚✢ ✦✑✖✙✛✑✙✔ ✑✖✜ ✎✚✏✍✔✓✣✧ ✮✌✑✥✗✔✕✎ ✯✍✖
W✑✕✜✌✑✛✙✌✰ ✎✓✑✓✔✜ ✎✚✏✍✚✦✍✖✙✛✍✎✓✍✏✎ ✍✎ ✓✌✔ ✎✓✛✜✣ ✚✢ ✓✌✔ ✎✚✏✍✑✦ ✛✎✔✎ ✚✢ ✦✑✖✙✛✑✙✔
✯2006:11✰✧ ✱✛✕✓✌✔✕✥✚✕✔✤ W✑✕✜✌✑✛✙✌ ✎✓✑✓✔✎ ✓✌✑✓ ✎✚✏✍✚✦✍✖✙✛✍✎✓✍✏✎ ✍✎ ✏✚✖✏✔✕✖✔✜ ✲✍✓✌
✍✖✳✔✎✓✍✙✑✓✍✖✙ ✓✌✔ ✕✔✦✑✓✍✚✖✎✌✍✒✎ ✗✔✓✲✔✔✖ ✦✑✖✙✛✑✙✔ ✑✖✜ ✎✚✏✍✔✓✣ ✲✍✓✌ ✓✌✔ ✙✚✑✦ ✗✔✍✖✙ ✑
✗✔✓✓✔✕ ✛✖✜✔✕✎✓✑✖✜✍✖✙ ✚✢ ✓✌✔ ✎✓✕✛✏✓✛✕✔ ✚✢ ✦✑✖✙✛✑✙✔ ✑✖✜ ✚✢ ✌✚✲ ✦✑✖✙✛✑✙✔✎ ✢✛✖✏✓✍✚✖ ✍✖
✏✚✥✥✛✖✍✏✑✓✍✚✖ ✯2006:13✰✧ ✴✑✖✙✛✑✙✔ ✑✖✜ ✎✚✏✍✔✓✣ ✏✑✖✖✚✓ ✗✔ ✎✔✒✑✕✑✓✔✜✧
✴✑✖✙✛✑✙✔ ✍✎ ✍✥✒✚✕✓✑✖✓ ✓✚✚✦ ✢✚✕ ✌✛✥✑✖ ✓✚ ✏✚✥✥✛✖✍✏✑✓✔✧ ✭✑✒✍✕ ✯✍✖ ✵✔✎✓✌✕✍✔
✔✓✧✑✦✤ 2000:1✰ ✎✓✑✓✔✎ ✦✑✖✙✛✑✙✔ ✍✎ ✑ ✒✛✕✔✦✣ ✌✛✥✑✖ ✑✖✜ ✖✚✖✶✍✖✎✓✍✖✏✓✍✳✔ ✥✔✓✌✚✜ ✚✢
✏✚✥✥✛✖✍✏✑✓✍✖✙ ✍✜✔✑✎✤ ✔✥✚✓✍✚✖✎✤ ✑✖✜ ✜✔✎✍✕✔✎ ✗✣ ✥✔✑✖✎ ✚✢ ✑ ✎✣✎✓✔✥ ✚✢ ✳✚✦✛✖✓✑✕✍✦✣
✒✕✚✜✛✏✔✜ ✎✣✥✗✚✦✎✧ ☞✌✔✎✔ ✎✣✥✗✚✦✎ ✑✕✔✤ ✍✖ ✓✌✔ ✢✍✕✎✓ ✍✖✎✓✑✖✏✔✤ ✑✛✜✍✓✚✕✣ ✑✖✜ ✓✌✔✣ ✑✕✔
✒✕✚✜✛✏✔✜ ✗✣ ✓✌✔ ✎✚✶✏✑✦✦✔✜ organs of speech . Human needs language to interact to
each other. Without language, people will have difficulty in communicating. Certain
individuals may have same language or dialect or language variety. It is called speech
community. Wardhaugh described that speech community is some kind of social
group whose speech characteristics are of interest and can be described in a coherent
manner (2006:119).
1
2
✷✸✹✺✻✸ ✼✸✸✽ ✻✾✼✿❀✾✿✸ ❁✹ ❂✼❁✸❃✾❄❁❅ ❆❇✸❃✸ ✾❃✸ ❈✾✼❉ ❊❂✼✽ ✹❋ ✻✾✼✿❀✾✿✸ ❂✼ ❁❇✸
●✹❃✻✽❅ ❍✾✼✿❀✾✿✸ ❇✾■ ❏✾❃❂✸❁❂✸■ ❑✸❄✾❀■✸ ✹❋ ❁❇✸ ✽❂❋❋✸❃✸✼❁ ■✹❄❂✸❁❉▲ ✿✸✹✿❃✾✺❇❉▲ ✾✼✽
❄❀✻❁❀❃✸❅ ▼❀✽■✹✼ ◆❂✼ W✾❃✽❇✾❀✿❇▲ 2006❖ ■❁✾❁✸■ ❁❇✾❁ ✾ ❏✾❃❂✸❁❉ ✹❋ ✻✾✼✿❀✾✿✸ ✾■ ✾ ■✸❁ ✹❋
✻❂✼✿❀❂■❁❂❄ ❂❁✸❈■ ●❂❁❇ ■❂❈❂✻✾❃ ✽❂■❁❃❂❑❀❁❂✹✼❅ ❍✾✼✿❀✾✿✸ ❏✾❃❂✸❁❂✸■ ❈✾❊✸ ❁❇✸ ✻✾✼✿❀✾✿✸
❀✼❂P❀✸ ✾✼✽ ❂✼❁✸❃✸■❁❂✼✿❅ ◗✸✿❂■❁✸❃ ❂■ ✹✼✸ ✹❋ ✻✾✼✿❀✾✿✸ ❏✾❃❂✸❁❂✸■❅
❘❄❄✹❃✽❂✼✿ ❁✹ ▼✾✻✻❂✼✽✾❉ ✾✼✽ ▼✾■✾✼ ◆❂✼ ❙✸■❁❇❃❂✸ ✸❁❅✾✻▲ ❚❯❯❯❱71❖▲
◗✸✿❂■❁✸❃ ❂■ ●❇✾❁ ❉✹❀ ✾❃✸ ■✺✸✾❊❂✼✿ ✾❁ ❁❇✾❁ ❁❂❈✸▲ ✽✸✺✸✼✽❂✼✿ ✹✼ ●❇✾❁ ❉✹❀ ✾❃✸
✽✹❂✼✿ ✾✼✽ ❁❇✸ ✼✾❁❀❃✸ ✹❋ ❁❇✸ ✾❄❁❂❏❂❁❉ ❂✼ ●❇❂❄❇ ❁❇✸ ✻✾✼✿❀✾✿✸ ❂■ ❋❀✼❄❁❂✹✼❂✼✿❅ ❲✹
●❇✸❃✸✾■▲ ❂✼ ✺❃❂✼❄❂✺✻✸ ✾❁ ✻✸✾■❁▲ ✾✼❉ ❂✼✽❂❏❂✽❀✾✻ ❈❂✿❇❁ ✿✹ ❁❇❃✹❀✿❇ ✻❂❋✸ ■✺✸✾❊❂✼✿
✹✼✻❉ ✹✼✸ ✽❂✾✻✸❄❁ ◆❂✼ ❈✹✽✸❃✼ ❄✹❈✺✻✸❳ ■✹❄❂✸❁❂✸■ ❁❇❂■ ❂■ ❂✼❄❃✸✾■❂✼✿✻❉ ❀✼✻❂❊✸✻❉;
but it is theoretically possible, and it used to be the norm), it is not possible to
go through life using only one register. The register reflects another aspect of
the social order, that of social processes, the different types of social activity
that people commonly engage in.
Register is special words used in a particular place and time in accordance
with the purpose registers itself. Humans may only use one dialect in his life but does
not prevent the possibility that humans use more than one kind of register. Registers
are closely related to human activities especially in work or social group which
require registers to facilitate communication and make communication easier. A
social process that involves people which usually called social order is another
reflection of register.
Register is specific word used by a profession or social group and unfamiliar
for the other social groups or profession. Register helps people to express their
identity at a speci c time or place. According to Wardhaugh (2006:52), registers are
sets of language items associated with discrete occupational or social groups.
3
❨❩❬❭❪❫❴❵❛ ❜❝❬❞❝❴❪ ❡❝❞❫❢❵❛ ❣❜❴❤ ✐❜❴❜❭❪❬❵❛ ❵❜❞❪❵ ❥❞❪❬❤❵❛ ❦❜❧❧ ♠❜❴❵❛ ❜❴♥ ❡❝✐❡❵ ❪✐❡❞❫♦
♥❝♠♠❪❬❪❴❢ ❬❪❭❝❵❢❪❬❵♣
q❪❭❝❵❢❪❬ ❫♠❢❪❴ ❩❵❪♥ ❣♦ ❵❫❥❝❜❞ ❭❬❫❩❡ rs❝❥s ❢s❪ ✐❪✐❣❪❬ s❜t❪ ❵❝✐❝❞❜❬ ❜❥❢❝t❝❢❝❪❵
❜❴♥ ❝❴❢❪❬❪❵❢❵♣ ✉❴❪ ❫♠ ❵❫❥❝❜❞ ❭❬❫❩❡ rs❝❥s ❩❵❪❵ ❬❪❭❝❵❢❪❬ ❝❵ ❣❜❥❤❡❜❥❤❪❬♣ ✈❜❥❤❡❜❥❤❪❬ ❝❵
❢❬❜t❪❞❪❬ r❝❢s ❞❫r✇❣❩♥❭❪❢ ❜❴♥ s❫❞♥ ❣❜❥❤❡❜❥❤ ❫❴ ❢s❪❝❬ ❣❜❥❤♣ ①❥❥❫❬♥❝❴❭ ❢❫ ②❪❜❬❥❪ ❝❴
③❜❬❤r❜❬♥ ④s❪❵❝❵ ⑤ 2008⑥ ❫❬❝❭❝❴❜❞ ♥❪♠❝❴❝❢❝❫❴ ❫♠ ❣❜❥❤❡❜❥❤❪❬❵ ❝❴❥❞❩♥❪♥ ❜ ❡❬❪♠❪❬❪❴❥❪ ♠❫❬
❣❩♥❭❪❢ ❜❥❥❫✐✐❫♥❜❢❝❫❴ ❜❴♥ ❪✐❡s❜❵❪❵ ❫❴ ✐❪❪❢❝❴❭ ❫❢s❪❬ ❢❬❜t❪❞❞❪❬❵❛ ♠❞❪⑦❝❣❞❪ ❝❢❝❴❪❬❜❬❝❪❵❛
❞❫❴❭❪❬ ❬❜❢s❪❬ ❢s❜❴ ❵s❫❬❢❪❬ s❫❞❝♥❜♦❵ ❜❴♥ ❝❴♠❫❬✐❜❞ ❜❴♥ ❡❜❬❢❝❥❝❡❜❢❫❬♦ s❫❞❝♥❜♦❵♣
✈❜❥❤❡❜❥❤❪❬ ❫♠❢❪❴ ♥❫❪❵ ❴❫❢ ❭❫ ❜❞❫❴❪♣ ❨❫✐❪❢❝✐❪❵ ❣❜❥❤❡❜❥❤❪❬❵ ❞❫❫❤ ♠❫❬ ♠❬❝❪❴♥ rs❫ s❜❵
❵❜✐❪ ♥❪❵❢❝❴❜❢❝❫❴ ❝❴ ❢❬❜t❪❞❞❝❴❭ ❜❴♥ ❴❪❪♥ ❢❫ ❥❫✐✐❩❴❝❥❜❢❪♣ ④s❪ ♥❪t❪❞❫❡✐❪❴❢ ❫♠
❢❪❥s❴❫❞❫❭♦ ❝❴♠❞❩❪❴❥❪❵ ❢s❪ r❜♦ ❡❪❫❡❞❪ ❢❫ ❥❫✐✐❩❴❝❥❜❢❪♣ ❨❫❥❝❜❞ ❴❪❢r❫❬❤ ❥❜❴ ❣❪ ❜
✐❪♥❝❜ ❢❫ ❥❫✐✐❩❴❝❥❜❢❪♣ ⑧❫❩❥s❵❩❬♠❝❴❭ ❝❵ ❜ ❵❫❥❝❜❞ ❴❪❢r❫❬❤❝❴❭ ❜❵ ❜ ♠❫❬❩✐ ❢❫
❥❫✐✐❩❴❝❥❜❢❪ ❣❪❢r❪❪❴ ❣❜❥❤❡❜❥❤❪❬ ❜❬❫❩❴♥ ❢s❪ r❫❬❞♥♣
⑨❴ ❢s❪ ❡❬❪t❝❫❩❵ ❬❪❵❪❜❬❥s❛ ②❩❢❬❝ ⑩r❝ ❶❜❦❜❬r❜❢❝ ⑤ 2011⑥ rs❫ ❵❢❩♥❝❪♥ ❜❣❫❩❢ ❷ ④s❪
q❪❭❝❵❢❪❬ ❫♠ ④s❪ ①♥t❪❬❢❝❵❪✐❪❴❢ ❝❴ ④s❪ ❷⑨❤❞❜❴ ❸❝❢❩ Section of The Jawa Pos Daily
Newspaper stated that some group of people who are using register as a means of
communication both spoken or written. Syukriati (2008) resulted in her study A
Study of Cinematography Register Used by Kine Club Community of UMM
register makes the communication easier, more effective, and simple in order to make
person more effectively and easily to join with other member. Previous research
conducted by Mujiningsih (2004) on the A Study on Register Used by Tapak Suci
Community at Muhammadiyah University of Malang found that register used to
show identity or to create distinction between certain group or society.
4
❹❺❻❼❽ ❽❼❾❿➀➁➂ ❻➃❼ ➄❽❼➅➀➆➇➈ ❽❼➈❼❾❽➉➃❼➈➊ ❻➃❼ ➋❽➀❻❼❽ ➀➈ ➀➁❻❼❽❼➈❻❼❿ ❻➆ ❾➁❾➌➍➎❼
❽❼➂➀➈❻❼❽➏ ➐➃❼ ➋❽➀❻❼❽ ➋❾➁❻➈ ❻➆ ❾➁❾➌➍➎❼ ❻➃❼ ➇➈❼❿ ➆❺ ❽❼➂➀➈❻❼❽ ➑➍ ➑❾➉➒➄❾➉➒❼❽ ➀➁
➓➆➇➉➃➈➇❽❺➀➁➂ ➈➆➉➀❾➌ ➁❼❻➋➆❽➒➏ ➐➃❼ ➑❾➉➒➄❾➉➒❼❽ ➋❾➈ ➉➃➆➈❼➁ ➑❼➉❾➇➈❼ ➑❾➉➒➄❾➉➒❼❽ ❻❽❾➅❼➌➈
❻➆ ➔❾➁➍ ➅❾❽➀➆➇➈ ➉➆➇➁❻❽➀❼➈ ➈➆ ❻➃❼➍ ➇➁❿❼❽➈❻❾➁❿ ➆❽ ➔❾➈❻❼❽ ❻➃❼ →➁➂➌➀➈➃ ➌❾➁➂➇❾➂❼➏ ➐➃❼
➑❾➉➒➄❾➉➒❼❽ ❽❼➂➀➈❻❼❽➈ ❾❽❼ ➀➁ →➁➂➌➀➈➃➏
➣↔↕ ➙➛➜➛➝➞➝➟➛ ➠➡ ➛➢➝ ➤➥➠➦➧➝➞
➨❾➈❼❿ ➆➁ ❻➃❼ ➑❾➉➒➂❽➆➇➁❿ ➆❺ ❻➃❼ ➈❻➇❿➍ ❾➑➆➅❼➊ ❻➃❼ ➄❽➆➑➌❼➔➈ ❾❽❼ ➈❻❾❻❼❿ ❾➈
❺➆➌➌➆➋➈:
1➏ W➃❾❻ ❾❽❼ ❻➃❼ ❽❼➂➀➈❻❼❽➈ ➇➈❼❿ ➑➍ ➑❾➉➒➄❾➉➒❼❽
➀➁ ➓➆➇➉➃➈➇❽❺➀➁➂ ➈➆➉➀❾➌ ➁❼❻➋➆❽➒➀➁➂?
2. What are the meanings of the registers used by backpacker in Couchsurfing
social networking?
➣↔➩ ➤➫➥ pose of the Study
The purpose of the study is as follows:
1. To describe the registers used by backpacker in Couchsurfing social
networking.
2. To explain the meaning of the registers used by backpacker in Couchsurfing
social networking.
1.4 Significance of the Study
Theoretically, this study is expected to give benefit to enlarge our knowledge
in knowing the registers used by backpacker.
5
➭➯➲➳➵➸➳➲➺➺➻➼ ➵➽➸➾ ➾➵➚➪➻ ➸➾ ➶➹➘➶➳➵➶➪ ➵➴ ➷➸➬➶ ➸➮➱➴➯✃➲➵➸➴➮ ➱➴➯ ➵➽➶ ➵➶➲➳➽➶➯➾ ❐➽➴
❐➲➮➵ ➵➴ ➷➸➬➶ ❒➮➴❐➺➶➪➷➶ ➵➴ ➵➽➶➸➯ ➾➵➚➪➶➮➵➾ ➲❮➴➚➵ ➯➶➷➸➾➵➶➯❰ Ï➽➸➾ ➾➵➚➪➻ ➸➾ ➲➺➾➴ ➶➹➘➶➳➵➶➪
➱➴➯ ➵➽➶ ➮➶➹➵ ➯➶➾➶➲➯➳➽➶➯ ➲➾ ➲➮ ➸➮➘➚➵ ➯➶➺➲➵➶➪ ➵➴ ➯➶➾➶➲➯➳➽ ➸➮ ➵➽➶ ➱➴➺➺➴❐➸➮➷ ➯➶➺➲➵➶➪
➲➮➲➺➻➾➶➾❰
ÐÑÒ ÓÔÕÖ× ØÙÚ ÛÜÝÜÞØÞÜÕÙ
ß➲➾➶➪ ➴➮ ➵➽➶ ❮➲➳❒➷➯➴➚➮➪ ➴➱ ➵➽➶ ➾➵➚➪➻➼ ➵➽➶ ➾➵➚➪➻ ➽➲➾ ➾➳➴➘➶ ➲➮➪ ➺➸✃➸➵➲➵➸➴➮❰
Ï➽➶ ➾➳➴➘➶ ➴➱ ➵➽➸➾ ➾➵➚➪➻ ➸➾ ➱➴➳➚➾➶➪ ➴➮ ➵➽➶ ➚➾➶ ➴➱ ➯➶➷➸➾➵➶➯ ➚➾➶➪ ❮➻ ❮➲➳❒➘➲➳❒➶➯ ➸➮
à➴➚➳➽➾➚➯➱➸➮➷ ➴➮ á➲➮➚➲➯➻ 3 ➵➴ 9➼ 2014❰ â➮ ➲➪➪➸➵➸➴➮➼ ➵➽➸➾ ➾➵➚➪➻ ➸➾ ➺➸✃➸➵➶➪ ➵➴ ➵➽➶ ➯➶➷➸➾➵➶➯
➸➮ ➵➽➶ à➴➚➳➽➾➚➯➱➸➮➷ ã➲➺➲➮➷➼ ä➚➯➲❮➲➻➲➼ ➲➮➪ å➴➷➻➲❒➲➯➵➲ ➷➯➴➚➘ ➘➴➾➵➸➮➷❰
ÐÑæ ç×èÜÙÜÞÜÕÙ Õè Þé× ê×ë ì×íÝî
Ï➴ ➲➬➴➸➪ ✃➸➾➚➮➪➶➯➾➵➲➮➪➸➮➷➼ ➵➽➶ ❒➶➻ ➵➶➯✃➾ ➸➮ ➵➽➸➾ ➾➵➚➪➻ ➲➯➶ ➪➶➱➸➮➶➪ ➲➾ ➱➴➺➺➴❐➾ :
1❰ ï➶➷➸➾➵➶➯➾ ➲➯➶ ➾➶➵➾ ➴➱ ➺➲➮➷➚➲➷➶ ➸➵➶✃➾ ➲➾➾➴➳➸➲➵➶➪ ❐➸➵➽ ➪➸➾➳➯➶➵➶ ➴➳➳➚➘➲➵➸➴➮➲➺ ➴➯
➾➴➳➸➲➺ ➷➯➴➚➘❰ ð W➲➯➪➽➲➚➷➽➼ ñòòñó51ô
2❰ ß➲➳❒➘➲➳❒➶➯ ➸➾ ➸➮➳➺➚➪➶➪ ➲ ➘➯➶➱➶➯➶➮➳➶ ➱➴➯ ❮➚➪➷➶➵ ➲➳➳➴✃✃➴➪➲➵➸➴➮ ➲➮➪ ➶✃➘➽➲➾➶➾
➴➮ ✃➶➶➵➸➮➷ ➴➵➽➶➯ ➵➯➲➬➶➺➺➶➯➾➼ ➱➺➶➹➸❮➺➶ ➸➵➸➮➶➯➲➯➸➶➾➼ ➺➴➮➷➶➯ ➯➲➵➽➶➯ ➵➽➲➮ ➾➽➴➯➵➶➯
➽➴➺➸➪➲➻➾ ➲➮➪ ➸➮➱➴➯✃➲➺ ➲➮➪ ➘➲➯➵➸➳➸➘➲➵➴➯➻ ➽➴➺➸➪➲➻➾❰ ð➭➶➲➯➳➶➼ õööòô
3❰ à➴➚➳➽➾➚➯➱➸➮➷ ➸➾ ➲ ➮➴➮÷➘➯➴➱➸➵ ❐➶❮➾➸➵➶ ➵➽➲➵ ➳➴➮➮➶➳➵➾ ➷➺➴❮➲➺ ➵➯➲➬➶➺➶➯➾ ❐➸➵➽
➺➴➳➲➺➾➼ ➽➲➾ ➴➘➵➶➪ ➵➴ ➲➳➳➶➘➵ $7.6 million in funding from Benchmark Capital
and Omidyar Network. (Perlroth, 2011)
4. Social networking is a web service that enables you to connect with people
who share similar personal or professional interests. (McFedries, 2009)