Background of the Study

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Study

One thing which cannot be separated in our life is a language. A language develops by the society in which it happens in someone s experience. Language is not only to unite word together but also it has meaning. To produce a good sentences and to create new words people used their own thoughts because human language is open ended and productive. Thus, we can do because human language is based on a dual core, where a finite number of meaningless elements e.g. sounds, letters or gestures can be combined to form units of meaning words and sentences. Because of human language are open-ended and productive, there will be much production of a words or sentences in different meaning. Language has its own rules, it is symbolized with an alphabet. It may produce a word, then by using word could govern a phrase, phrase made up sentence, and sentence has a meaning that contains messages and informations in order that, a language is used as a bridge of giving and taking information from one person to another through conversation or any medias. Many benefits of language use are exchange information, communication, produce new words, help to explain something as a reference, etc. Though there are also have a shortcoming in language use, especially for a second learner who learns another languages besides their mother tounge language would found some difficulties in grammar, idioms, gestures, facial expressions, cultural differences, technique of translation, etc. In this global era, English has a prominent role as an international language around the world. Every person should learn English by the teacher at school, the books which provides a knowledge of English use, even the media also capable to person to learn English well. In Indonesia itself is advisable to learn English to pursue Indonesia s ideals. One of Indonesia s ideals is to establish the tourism industry because it becomes one of the top contribution to the development of Indonesia s economy. The natural, historical, and cultural heritage are potential to be promoted as a tourism destination in Indonesia. Since of this ideal, English is very useful to attract tourists to visit in this country. Indonesia has many culture that could attract visitors from every country to see its beauty. There are many kinds of culture from its territory such as a Javanese weapon is keris, a Balinese dance is kecak dance, a significant food from Jogja is gudeg. To offer those cultures, translation is needed. Translating as an activity and translation as the result of this activity are inseparable from the concept of culture Torop, 2002:593. From this definition, culture operates largely through translational activity because culture is an essential criteria. When a new word of a text from source language SL is translated into the target language TL and it consists of a culture, the culture can maintain the specificity in the target language TL as well as in the source language SL otherwise, translation is an important thing to do to make people would have the same information in source language SL and target language TL. There are some definitions of translation by the experts, Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and or statement in one language by the same message andor statement of another language Newmark, 1981:7. On the other hand, McGuire 1980:2 explained as follows: Translation is rendering of a source language SL text into the target language TL so as to ensure that 1 the surface meaning of the two will be approximately similar and 2 the structure of the SL will be preserved as closely as possible but not so closely that the TL structures will be seriously distorted. From the definition above, the researcher can conclude that translation is a process to render, replace, or paraphrase from the source language SL to target language TL with the same concept of idea without decreasing even overlapping the main content of the source language. Making a good translation which might be easy to read without making the readers to be confused is a hardwork. Translating activity has its own technique and it cannot be done frivorously. When the researcher searched in the internet there are various experts and ways to distinguish whether methods, strategies, and techniques is used. They have all different concept and its own rules. Translation method is used to anlayze terms by point of view of the translator, so the researcher have to find out the reason why the translator uses those methods through interviewing the translator. The same concept of the translation method is translation strategies which the researcher have to find out the reason of translator s choices in translating a translated work. The last is translation technique which concerns to the result produce by a translator. The translation technique is very important to do to achieve the closest meaning in the target language for example the word panther in source language. Panther is an animal like a tiger with all pure black or fawn color coat, but it is translated into Indonesia with macan tutul, macan tutul is a large cat with golden coat with black rosettes spot. Though, panther is the closest meaning to harimau kumbang and macan tutul is more specific to leopard, it depends on the culture situation concept. Panther is rarely found in Indonesia and to keep it translated naturally then panther is translated to the closest equivalence meaning that is macan tutul. Translation activity is not only for a literature or media but also a map. In this thesis, a destination map is used to analyze. A destination map or a tourist map is a geographic map designed for tourist, espescially foreign tourists. The destination map serves as advertisements for tourism such as, vacation spots, sightseeing landmarks, and tourist attractions. A destination map is usually published in the form of booklet and also as part of multipurposes atlas. The researcher uses a bilingual destination map Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah translated into Central Java Tourist Map as the data. This destination map is published by Jawa Tengah Central Java Provincial Culture and Tourism Office in 2013. Two languages are involved those are Indonesian as a source language SL and English as the target language TL. Torres 2003:57-70 states that, the reasons for using these two languages are that English is one of the top 10 languages used worldwide, and Indonesian language is the national language of where this research conducted . The researcher is interested in translation particularly in translation techniques. As translation is an important thing to do by a translator to achieve the equivalance of both information in source language SL and target language TL, therefore translation technique is needed. If the translator renders the source text to the target text without rules in order that she or he might have different concept of idea and meaning as the writer wants to deliver. In transferring the idea from source language SL to target language TL in the form of a sentence there are many kinds of techniques that can be done. Dealing with this problem, the researcher investigates the translation technique used in the bilingual destination map Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah translated into Central Java Tourist Map proposed by Molina and Albir 2002:509. The reason of choosing Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah translated into Central Java Tourist Map to analyze because when the researcher reads the destination map, it seems that many sentences from source language SL are slightly different with the target language TL. However, it is very important to apply the best translation techniques to avoid some misunderstanding and overlapping idea. For example, the writer wrote the word Di sampingnya as the source language SL but it is translated into the word Besides in the target language TL. Obviously, they are 2 different meaning, Di sampingnya or di sebelahnya is should be translated as Beside without s whereas Besides means selain or lagipula. Even though it might be some mistype, but this destination map aims to advertise the beauty of Central Java for the tourists espescially foreign tourists and it should be perfectly typed and well translated. So the resercher believes that this destination or tourist map has an important information for the readers. All in all, from knowing that problem, the researcher analyzes what translation techniques applied in the bilingual destination map Peta Wisata Jawa Tengah translated into Central Java Tourist Map which used by the translator. The translation technique is used to reveal that producing the closest equivalence effect from the source language SL to the target language TL is very important in translating a destination map. Thus, we would know how a word can means differently and avoids misunderstanding of the message. Besides, the researcher hopes this thesis helps the readers to know further about translation techniques.

1.2. Statement of the Problems