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67 Then, the valid and reliable items are used to get the data. The result of
reading test is forty-one items are valid and reliable. The valid items are items number: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 25, 28,
29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 59, 60.
F. Technique of Analyzing the Data
The technique used in analyzing the data is descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis is used to know the mean, median,
mode, and standard deviation of the scores of the reading test. The normality and homogeneity test are done before testing the hypothesis. Inferential
analysis used is multifactor analysis of variance 2 x 2. H is rejected if F
is higher than F
t
. If
H is rejected the analysis is continued to know which group
is better using Tukey test. The design of multifactor analysis of variance is shown in the following table.
Method of Teaching A
Intelligence Quotient B
Contextual Teaching and Learning
A
1
Grammar Translation
A
2
High B
1
A
1
B
1
A
2
B
1
B
1
Low B
2
A
1
B
2
A
2
B
2
B
2
A
1
A
2
Figure 2. The Design of Multifactor Analysis of Variance
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68 Note:
A
1
: The mean score of reading test of experimental class which is taught by Contextual Teaching and Learning Method.
A
2
: The mean score of reading test of control class which is taught by Grammar Translation Method.
B
1
: The mean score of reading test of students having high intelligence quotient.
B
2
: The mean score of reading test of students having low intelligence quotient.
A
1
B
1
: The mean score of reading test of students having high intelligence quotient who are taught by Contextual Teaching and Learning Method.
A
1
B
2
: The mean score of reading test of students having low intelligence quotient who are taught by Contextual Teaching and Learning Method.
A
2
B
1
: The mean score of reading test of students having high intelligence quotient who are taught by Grammar Translation Method.
A
2
B
2
: The mean score of reading test of students having low intelligence quotient who are taught by Grammar Translation Method.
The data are analyzed using the following ways
1. The total sum of squares
∑ ∑
∑
− =
n X
X x
2 t
2 t
2 t
2. The sum of squares between groups
N X
n X
n X
n X
n X
x
2 t
4 2
4 3
2 3
2 2
2 1
2 1
2 b
∑ ∑
∑ ∑
∑ ∑
− +
+ +
=
3. The sum of squares within groups
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69
Σ
x
w 2
=
Σ
x
t 2
–
Σ
x
b 2
4. The between – columns sum of squares
Σ
x
bc 2
= N
X n
X n
X
2 t
c 2
c c
2 c
2 2
1 1
∑ ∑
∑
− +
5. The between – columns sum of squares
Σ
x
br 2
= N
X n
X n
X
2 t
r 2
r r
2 r
2 2
1 1
∑ ∑
∑
− +
6. The sum of squares interaction
Σ
x
int
=
Σ
x
b 2
–
Σ
x
bc 2
+
Σ
x
br 2
7. df for between - columns sum of squares = C – 1 df for between - rows sum of squares = R – 1
df for interaction = C-1 R-1 df for between - groups sum of squares = G – 1
df for within - columns sum of squares =
Σ
n-1 df for total sum of squares = N – 1
C = the number of columns R = the number of rows
G = the number of groups n = the number of subjects in one group
N = the number of subjects in all groups
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70 8. The finding of q is found by dividing the difference between the means by
the square root of the ratio of the within group variation and the sample size http:people.richland.edujameslecturem170ch13-dif.html.
q = n
s x
x
w j
i 2
−
a. Between column q
A
= ancen
Error vari c
X c
X
2 1
−
b. Between rows q
B
= n
iance Error
Xr Xr
var
2 1
−
c. Between column
HI
q = ancen
Error vari r
c X
r c
X
1 2
1 1
−
d. Between column
LI
q = ancen
Error vari r
c X
r c
X
2 2
2 1
− or q =
ancen Error vari
r c
X r
c X
2 1
2 2
−
9. The statistic test is found by dividing the difference between means by the square root of the ratio of the within group variation and the sample size.
Tukey test is used to know which teaching method is more effective or better to teach reading comprehension.
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71
CHAPTER IV THE RESULT OF THE STUDY
This chapter presents the result of the study. It is divided into four parts, the description of data, normality and homogeneity test, hypothesis test, and the
discussion of the result of the study.
A. The Description of the Data
The data described here are the result of the reading test. The description includes the mean, the mode, the median, the standard deviation and
frequency distribution followed by histogram and polygon. Based on the group analyzed, the descriptions of the data are divided into eight groups as
follows: 1. The data of the reading test of the students or the group that are taught
using Contextual Teaching and Learning A
1
2. The data of the reading test of the students or the group that are taught using Grammar Translation Method A
2
3. The data of the reading test of the students having high intelligence B
1
4. The data of the reading test of the students having low intelligence B
2
5. The data of the reading test of the students or the group having high intelligence quotient that are taught using Contextual Teaching and
Learning Method A
1
B
1
6. The data of the reading test of the students or the group having low intelligence quotient that are taught using Contextual Teaching and
Learning Method A
1
B
2
