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64 8A of SMPN 14 Surakarta in the 20092010 academic year. The first one
is treated as the experimental class and the other as the control class.
3. Sampling Technique
Sampling is the way to get sample. The writer uses cluster random sampling to get the sample. It is a type of sampling in which clusters are
randomly selected Cristensen, 2000: 172. In other words, cluster random sampling is the selection of groups or clusters of subjects rather than
individuals. The writer uses cluster random sampling because it has some advantages, such as: it can be used when it is difficult or impossible to
select a random sample of individuals, it is often far easier to implement in schools, and it is frequently less time consuming Cristensen, 2000: 173.
E. Technique of Collecting the Data
The way to get the data in a research activity is usually known as a technique of collecting data. The techniques used to get the data are
documentary and test methods. The first is used to collect the data of the students’ intelligence scores. The latter will be used to know the students
ability in reading comprehension. The reading comprehension test is in the
form of multiple choice tests with four options.
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1. Intelligence Quotient Test
The IQ test used in this research has been conducted by Yayasan Psikologi ANAVA which is located at Jl. Satrio Wibowo Selatan No. 39A
Purwotomo, Solo. Telp. 0271725454. The scores used in this research deals with the aspect of GI General Intelligence. Intelligence is the
general capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and to deal effectively with the environment. The test covers three elements. They are
visual-spatial intelligence, verbal-linguistic intelligence, and logical- mathematical intelligence. There are a hundred test items. It has been
tested before treatment. The intelligence quotient test has been valid and reliable because it
has been tested by a psychological institution which has been standardized The result of intelligence quotient test is used to classify students
into two groups, the students who have high intelligence quotient and those who have low intelligence quotient. The scores of students’
intelligence for experiment class are 125, 125, 124, 124, 119, 119, 119, 119, 119,119, 118, 118, 118, 117, 116, 116, 116, 116, 114, 114, 113, 113,
113, 112, 112, 112, 111, 109, 109, 108, 107, 107, 107, 105, 105, and 104. Whereas, the scores of the students’ intelligence quotient for control class
are 131, 130, 130, 130, 130, 130, 130, 128, 126, 126, 124,124, 124, 124, 123, 122, 122, 122, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 118, 115, 115, 114, 113, 113,
113, 112, 112, 107, 105, 105, and 103
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2. Reading Comprehension Test
The test of reading is to know the students’ ability in reading. The reading test is administered after treatment. The treatment is done twelve
times. The reading test items consist of 60 multiple choice items with four options. The students must choose one of a correct answer. The items are
based on the reading skills including deducing the meaning of unfamiliar lexical items, guessing the meaning of words from context, understanding
explicitly stated information, distinguishing between literal and implied meanings, detecting culturally specific references, detecting such relations
as main idea, and recognizing the communicative functions of written text, according to form and purpose.
The reading test must be valid and reliable. Therefore, firstly the reading test is tried out to know the validity and the reliability. The tryout
is done to the class 8E, which are not the experiment and the control one. To find out the validity of the reading test, the following formula is used:
s
t
= n
x
∑
2
r
o
=
t t
i
s X
X −
1 1
q p
The item is valid if r
o
is higher than r
t
. The reliability of the reading test is known by using the formula below:
r
kk
= ⎟
⎟ ⎠
⎞ ⎜
⎜ ⎝
⎛ −
−
∑
2
1 1
t
s pq
k k
The item is reliable if r
o
is higher than r
t
.
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67 Then, the valid and reliable items are used to get the data. The result of
reading test is forty-one items are valid and reliable. The valid items are items number: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 25, 28,
29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 59, 60.
F. Technique of Analyzing the Data
