Introduction 1 Transferability to Indonesia 24 Lessons for Decentralized Coastal Zone Management 26 Conclusions and Programmatic Recommendations 37

Table of Contents Executive Summary and Lessons i Acknowledgments ii List of acronyms iv

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background

1 1.2 National Program 1

1.3 State and Local Programs

2 1.4 Special Management Areas 2

1.5 Public Participation

2 1.6 Monitoring for Research, Enforcement and Surveillance 3

1.7 Infrastructure and Economic Development Issues

3 1.8 Report Organization 3 2.0 Overview of Coastal Management in the United States and Related International Study Tour Activities 4 2.1 United States Federalism: Development of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 and the Evolution of the United States Coastal Zone Management Program 4 2.2 The United States Coastal Zone Management Act 5 2.3 Success of Voluntary Certification Under CZMA 7 2.4 State and Local Response to the CZMA Through Integrated Coastal Management Programs 8 2.5 Design of the Study Tour and Selected Comments on Information Exchanges: 9 · Washington, D.C. 10 · Baltimore Aquarium, Maryland 12 · South Florida 13 · Rhode Island 15 · Washington State 20

3.0 Transferability to Indonesia 24

4.0 Lessons for Decentralized Coastal Zone Management 26

4.1 Background: Design of the IST Program

26 4.2 Lessons Learned 27 4.2.1 Research and Development 27 4.2.2 Policy and Enabling Conditions 29 4.2.3 Institutional and Strengthening 31 4.2.4 Information Dissemination, Education and Outreach 35

5.0 Conclusions and Programmatic Recommendations 37

5.1 Summary of Findings

37 5.2 Program Recommendations Resulting from the United States Study Tour 38 Attachments Attachment A: 40 Expression of Interest Between NOAA and Marine Affairs and Fisheries Attachment B: 43 Memorandum of Understanding Between the University of Rhode Island and Marine Affairs and Fisheries Attachment C: 46 Memorandum of Understanding Between the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council and the Province of Lampung Attachment D: 49 Memorandum of Understanding Between the Puget Sound Water Quality Action Team and the Province of East Kalimantan Attachment E: 52 Indonesian Participant Biographies Attachment F: 55 Participant IST Review Attachment G: 58 Daily Agenda for the Study Tour Attachment H: 70 Minister Sarwono’s Washington, D.C. Speech Attachment I: 76 List of Documents Acquired and Bibliography The United States Experience in Decentralized Coastal Management: Lessons for Indonesia Proyek Pesisir TR-0005-E 1

1.0 Introduction