most widely researched and extensively used of these are the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking TTCT 1974 which were scored on four scales as follows:
a. Fluency: the total number of interpretable, meaningful, and relevant ideas
generated in response to the stimulus b.
Flexibility: the number of different categories of relevant responses c.
Originality: the statistical rarity of the responses d.
Elaboration: the amount of detail in the responses. The four scales of creativity thinking above are also used by Munandar’s
TKV Tes Kreativitas Verbal – Verbal Creativity Test created by Munandar. The
test has been used especially in Indonesia since 1977. Based on the references above, it can be concluded that there are several
elements of creativity. They are fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The four elements of creativity are also used to test the creativity as proposed by
Munandar in his TKV Tes Kreativitas Verbal – Verbal Creativity Test.
3. The Importance of Creativity in Education
The purposes of creative teaching are to create a responsible environment through high teacher enthusiasm, appreciation of individual differences, and so
on. Establishing a creative climate is important to stimulate creative thinking Torrence in Frasko, 2001:319. Feldusen and Treffinger in Frasko, 2001: 319-
320 provides several recommendations for establishing a classroom environment conductive to creative thinking:
a. Support and reinforce unusual ideas and responses of students
b. Use failure as a positive to help students realize errors and meet
acceptable standards in a supportive atmosphere. c.
Adapt to students interests and ideas in the classroom whenever possible
d. Allow time fro students to think about and develop their creative ideas.
not all creativity occurs immediately and spontaneously. e.
Create a climate mutual respect and acceptance between students and between students and teachers, so that students can share, develop, and
learn together and from one another as independently. f.
Be aware of the many facets of creativity besides arts and crafts: verbal responses, written responses in both prose and poetic style, fiction and
nonfiction form. Creativity enters all curricular areas and disciplines. g.
Encourage divergent learning activities. Be a resource provider and director
h. Listen and laugh with the student. A warm, supportive atmosphere
provides freedom and security in exploratory thinking i.
Allow students to have choices and be a part of the decision-making process
j. Let them have a part in the control of their education and learning
experiences k.
Let everyone get involve, and demonstrate the value of involvement by supporting
student’s ideas and solution to problems and projects.
In addition, Torrance in Frasko 2001: 320 notes several signs that indicate when creative learning occurs, such as improved motivating, alertness, curiosity,
concentration, and achievement. Thus, creative teaching can enhance learning.
4. Measuring Creativity
