students are asked to write 3 paragraphs of writing text, while in this phase the teacher asks them to make more than 3 paragraphs of writing text.
The teacher’s role is to make sure that independent practice work is reviewed soon after
completion. Setiawan, et al., 2010: 9 – 11
4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Instruction
a. Advantages of Direct Instruction
According to Kalan, et al. 2012 some advantages of Direct Instruction are as follows:
1 In the Direct Instruction, the teacher provides the knowledge in
grammar inductively.
2
The students will learn the vocabulary through practice everyday
3 The students will be encouraged to participate in class because the
t eacher’s role is of great importance. Heshe asks questions to students
constantly, and corrects their mistakes immediately.
4 The students are very actives. Their oral and written communication
skills are emphasized.
Setiawan, et al. 2010: 22 states that Direct Instruction method emphasizes conceptual learning process and motoric skill deductively. The learning
environment seems structured and the role of the teacher is more dominant. If it is applied effectively, there will be some advantages as follows:
1 The teacher can inform students the instructional goal clearly and
monitor them easily
2 The teacher can control the timing of the lesson and the sequences of
learning activities
3 The teacher can stress the academicals achievement and give feedback
to the students’ works accurately.
Direct instruction method is appropriate for teaching basic skills, facts, concepts, strategies, procedures, and knowledge which lends it to being presented
in small sequential steps. The teacher must ensure that the contents of instruction are logically organized and the students need to own the prerequisite knowledge
needed. Specific objectives in its learning instructional goals make it easier for
assessment.
Theoretically, since Direct Instruction method is in line with the product approach in teaching writing, there are also some advantages in it. Tangpermpoon
2008: 3 states that the product approach in teaching writing is widely accepted among writing teachers because learners can learn how to write in English
composition systematically and learn how to use vocabulary and sentence structures for each type of rhetorical pattern appropriately. It also helps instructors
raise learners’ L2 writing awareness, especially in grammatical structures. b.
Disadvantages of Direct Instruction
The disadvantages of Direct Instruction as stated by Hadinata 2006 are
below:
1 Successful teacher of the Direct Instruction needed competence in his
language stamina energy imagination ability and time to create own materials and courses
– beyond capacity of all but gifted few .
2 The Direct Instructionists failed to grade and structure their materials
adequately – no selection, grading or controlled presentation of vocabulary
and structures.
Since Direct Instruction method for teaching writing applies the technical procedures which are in line with the product approach, there are also some
disadvantages of the product approach in it. Tangpermpoon 2008: 3 states since learners and instructors tend to overemphasize on the importance of grammar,
syntax, and mechanics, learners will lack motivation in learning and have high pressure in creating their writing tasks, as their instructors mostly focus on the
accuracy of the language structures. Moreover, Hasan Akhand 2010: 83 found
the disadvantages of the product approach in their research that the maximum number of students tried to recall their previous knowledge and some of them
imitated model writing and some reproduce the original. The students failed to show their ability to write effectively.
D. Creativity
