different from the previous research even though the author of the lyric is the same.
B. Definition of Poem
Poem is a form of words which contain beautiful language, and also has meaning which can make the poem itself enjoyed with hearing or reading.
Greenfield and Wealtherhead define: A poem maybe enjoyed on first sight, for its brilliant imagery, perhaps, of its satisfying sound relationships, the appeal of wit
of an intellectual concept pointed with subtlety or for all these together, flashing upon the mind with a shock of delight.
9
The definitions of poem can be found in many books, Perrine says: Poem might be defined as kind of language that says
more and says it more intensely than does ordinary language.
10
Moreover, poem has several kinds, there are Narrative, Dramatic, and Lyric:
a Narrative
Narrative: a narrative poem tells a story, whether it is simple or complex of the many kinds of narrative poems the most important are ballads,
epic, and metrical romances. A ballad, meant to be sung or recited, presents a single exciting episode in a simple narrative. An epic is a long narrative poem,
in an elevated style that recounts the adventures of figure of heroic proportions. A metrical romances is a long romantic tale in verse, in which
the chief figures are king, knights, or distressed maidens, acting under the impulse of love, religious faith or a search for adventure.
b Dramatic
Dramatic: poetry that employs dramatic form or some elements of dramatic technique as a means of achieving poetic ends is called dramatic
poetry.
c Lyric
Lyric: originally intended to be sung to the accompaniment of a lyre- hence, the name – a lyric poem is a brief, subjective statement, marked by
9
Stanley B. Greenfield and A. Kingley Wealtherhead, The Poem: An Anthology. Meredith Corporation. 1968. p. xxvii
10
Laurence Perrine and Thomas R. ARP. Sound and Sense: An Introduction to poem. Eight edition Southern Methodist University. 1992 p. 3
strong imagination, melody, and feeling, and designed to create in the readers a single, unified, and intense impression.
11
Song lyric has similarities with poem, the most differences is that song lyric has music which is also the main element beside the lyric itself. Poem may have
music or sound to enrich the feeling and build the emotions, but music in poem is not as often as a song lyric. In some current usages, lyric still retains the sense of a
poem written to be set to music.
12
Song lyric also have ideas, emotions, forms, and impressions like poem. Therefore, a song lyric can be analyzed as poem
because they have similarities.
C. Figurative Language
Language can be classified as either literal or figurative. When we speak literally, we mean exactly what each word conveys; when we use figurative
language we mean something other than the actual meaning of the words.
13
Figurative language used as a way to expressed something more than the literal meaning. It is used because it is a different and unique way to describes the ideas
that in addition make the words of a poem more beautiful and richness in meaning. In other words, figurative language is parallel to plain language because of the
underlying meaning that it carries.
14
Usually the author of a poem using it when
11
Danburry Conecticut. Encyclopedia Americana International Edition. Scholastic Library Publishing INC, USA. 1829, Vol.22, p. 277
12
M. H. Abrams. A Glossary of lierary terms. 7
th
edition. MA: Heinle Heinle Publishers Inc, U.S. p. 147
13
Robert DiYanni, Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama McGraw-Hill, New York. 2002 p. 709
14
Emmanuel C. Sharndama and Jamila B. A Suleiman. “An Analysis of figurative Language in two selected traditional funeral songs of the Kilba people of Adamawa State.”
Academic Journals, Adamawa State. 2013 p. 167
comparing or exaggerating ideas, but there are many figurative language that used by the author.
a Metaphor
More than 2,300 years ago Aristotle defined metaphor as “an intuitive perception of the similarity in dissimilar. Metaphor is one of many kinds of
figurative language.
15
Metaphor is used as a comparison between things, unlike simile, the comparison of metaphor is implied. For example, in the
lyric of Arctic Monkeys song entitled I Wanna Be Yours, in the first and second line
I wanna be your vacuum cleaner, breathing in your dust. I wanna be your Ford Cortina, I will never rust.
If you like your coffee hot, let me be your coffee pot. It means that the speaker want to be as one with the lover, breath what the
lover breathe in the first line. The second line means that the speaker wants to be her lover that she would not hurt. The third line means that the speaker
want to treat and serve her as well, the speaker can be anything what she want to be.
b Simile
Simile also known as a figurative language that comparing between things that essentially unlike, but unlike metaphor it is comparing things
directly using words or phrases. Although both figures involve comparison between unlike things, simile establishes the comparison explicitly with the
words like or as.
16
15
Robert DiYanni, loc.cit p. 709
16
Ibid
