AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE FOUND ON THE SONG LYRIC BY HARRIS JUNG’S “SALAM” ALBUM.

AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE FOUND ON
THE SONG LYRIC BY HARRIS JUNG’S “SALAM” ALBUM

THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree
of English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities
State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

By:

Nadiyah Suryatini
Reg. Number: A03212011

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA
2016

ABSTRACT
Suryatini, Nadiyah. 2016. An Analysis of Figurative Language found on the
Song Lyric by Harris Jung’s “Salam” Album. English Department. Faculty

of Arts and Humanities. State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
The Advisor : Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M.Ag.
Key words

: Semantic, Figurative Language, Harris Jung

The writer presents figurative language by Harris Jung in his first Album
“Salam”. Furthermore, the writer has two research problems. Those are, what are
the types of figurative language used by Harris Jung’s songs and what are the
figurative meaning that found in Harris Jung’s songs.
This research focuses on the types of figurative language that used by
Harris Jung songs and the figurative meaning in Harris Jung’s songs. The writer
uses figurative language theory by X.J Kennedy (1979) to analyze types of
figurative language and to analyze the figurative meaning. To supporting this
research of figurative language that found in Harris Jung’ songs, the writer uses
the qualitative methods to analyze each sentences in the song lyrics.
The result of this study is the writer found many figurative languages in
Harris Jung’s songs. There are; metaphor, simile, hyperbole, personification,
synecdoche, and symbol. The last is the dominant of figurative languages that
used is hyperbole.

The meaning of the figurative language of metaphor is the singer describes
his wonderfulness for every parent who guides their children’s life to right away.
The meaning of the figurative language of hyperbole, the singer on this song tells
that Rasulullah or Muhammad is the one who helps, rescues and asks for human
to believe in Allah. The meaning of the figurative language of personification is
Allah is the one who turns off the sun because Allah is The Power. The meaning
of the figurative language of simile is we must be confident. If we are confident,
we can shine like a star in the sky. The meaning of figurative language of
synecdoche is the singer thinking that to walk in our life needs a time. The
meaning of figurative language symbol is Muhammad did not vibrate to change a
life to better life by losing the stupidest and brings the light to make good universe
like right now.

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INTISARI
Suryatini, Nadiyah. 2016. An Analysis of Figurative Language found on the
Song Lyric by Harris Jung’s “Salam” Album. Tesis Sastra Inggris. Fakultas

Adab dan Humaniora.Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Pembimbing : Dr. Mohammad Kurjum, M.Ag.
Kata Kunci : Semantic, Figurative Language, Harris Jung

Skripsi ini berisi tentang figurative language yang digunakan oleh Harris
di album pertamanya “Salam”. Penulis mempunyai dua permasalahan penelitian.
Permasalahan tersebut yaitu apa jenis figurative language yang digunakan Harris
dalam lagu-lagunya dan makna figurative yang terkandung yang digunakan
Harris dalam lagu-lagunnya.
Fokus penelitian ini terletak pada jenis figurative language yang
digunakan Harris dalam lagu-lagunya dan makna figurative dari figurative
language yang digunakan Harris dalam lagu-lagunnya. Dalam penelitian ini,
penulis menggunakan teori figurative language dari Kennedy (1979) untuk
menganalisis jenis figurative language yang digunakan Harris dalam lagu-lagunya
dan menganalisis makna figurative yang terkadung di dalamnya yang digunakan
Harris dalam lagu-lagunnya. Untuk mendukung penelitiannya, penulis
menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menganalisis setiap kalimat yang ada di
dalam lirik lagu tersebut.
Hasil dari pembelajaran ini adalah metaphora, simili, hiperbola,
personifikasi, sinekdok, dan simbol. Hyperbole merupakan figurative yang paling

banyak di temukan di dalam lirik.
Makna figurative language “metaphore” penyanyi menggambarkan
kekuatan orang tua yang mendidik anaknya ke jalan yang benar. Makna figurative
language “hiperbole” bahwa rasulullah salah satu penolong dan meyakinkan
umatnya untuk mempercayai Allah SWT. Figurative language “personifikasi”
Allah SWT merupakan satu- satunya dzat yang bisa menghidupkan dan
mematikan matahari. Figurative language “simili” kita harus bisa percaya diri
dengan percaya diri kita akan bersinar seperti bintang yang di langit. Figurative
language “sinekdoke” penyanyi berfikir bahwa perjalanan hidup itu membutuhkan
waktu. Figurative language “simbol” Muhammad merubah kehidupan menjadi
lebih baik. Dari zaman kegelapan (kebodohan) menuju zaman yang terang
benderang (kepintaran) seperti saat ini.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Inside Cover Page .......................................................................................

i

Inside Title Page..........................................................................................

ii

Declaration Page ........................................................................................

iii

Motto ..........................................................................................................

iv

Dedication Page ..........................................................................................

v

Thesis Advisor’s Approval Page ................................................................

vi

Thesis Examiner’s Approval Page ..............................................................

vii

Acknowledgement.......................................................................................

viii

Table of Contents ........................................................................................

x

List of Ttables .............................................................................................

xiii

Abstract .......................................................................................................

xiv

Intisari .........................................................................................................

xv

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study ...................................................................

1

1.2. Review of Related Research ..............................................................

4

1.3. Statement of the Problem...................................................................

5

1.4. Objective of the Study .......................................................................

6

1.5. Significance of the Study ...................................................................

6

1.6. Scope and Limitation .........................................................................

6

1.7. Definition of Key Terms ....................................................................

7

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Semantic ............................................................................................

8

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2.2.

Figurative Language ........................................................................

9

2.2.1. Comparative Figurative Language ......................................

10

2.2.1.1. Personification .......................................................

10

2.2.1.2. Metaphor ...............................................................

10

2.2.1.3. Simile ....................................................................

11

2.2.2. Contradictive Figurative Language .....................................

12

2.2.2.1. Hyperbole .................. ……………………………

12

2.2.2.2. Litotes ...................................................................

12

2.2.2.3. Paradox ..................................................................

13

2.2.2.4. Irony ......................................................................

13

2.2.3. Correlative Figurative Language .........................................

14

2.2.3.1. Metonymy .............................................................

14

2.2.3.2. Synecdoche ..........................................................

14

2.2.3.3. Symbol ..................................................................

15

2.2.3.4. Allusion ................................................................

15

2.2.3.5. Ellipsis ...................................................................

16

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research Approach ............................................................................

17

3.2. Source of Data ...................................................................................

18

3.3. Research Instrument ..........................................................................

18

3.4. Techniques of Data Collection ..........................................................

19

3.5. Techniques of Data Analysis .............................................................

19

CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Findings .............................................................................................

22

4.1.1. Types of Figurative Language.................................................

22

4.1.1.1. Metaphor ....................................................................

22

4.1.1.2. Hyperbole ....................................................................

24

4.1.1.3. Personification .............................................................

26

4.1.1.4. Simile .........................................................................

27

xi

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4.1.1.5. Synecdoche..................................................................

28

4.1.1.6. Symbol ........................................................................

29

4.1.2. Figurative meaning ..................................................................

29

4.1.2.1. Metaphor ...................................................................

29

4.1.2.2. Hyperbole ..................................................................

34

4.1.2.3. Personification ...........................................................

38

4.1.2.4. Simile .........................................................................

40

4.1.2.5. Synecdoche ................................................................

44

4.1.2.6. Symbol ......................................................................

45

4.2. Discussion ...........................................................................................

46

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
1.1. Conclusion ...........................................................................................

48

1.2. Suggestion ............................................................................................

50

BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................

51

APPENDIXES ............................................................................................

1

xii

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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter present some subs of chapter include Background of the
study, Statement of problem, Objective of study, Significance of the study, Scope
and Limitation of the study and Definition of the key term.
1.1 Background of study
Language is very important in human life, because we cannot
communicate each other without it. One of the languages is English. English has
become an important popular language for international communication and
people always call it as an international language. Language is an effective tool to
make relationship and work together. Wardhaugh (1977:3) stated that language is
a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. It means that
the main function of language is a tool of communication. Other definition is
given by Kreidler, He (1998:19) stated that language is a system of symbols
through which people communicate. The examples of symbols were spoken,
written, or signified with the hands. Human being is a social and an individual
who always communicates each other. This definition shows that people use
language to express idea, knowledge, and feeling with another people in written
and spoken. How people can cooperate with others? It is absolutely by using
language. People do not know the meaning of something and will miss the
communication without a language.

1
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2

Language cannot be separated from us, because it is so important in every
aspect of human life, such as: technology, education, sciences, politics,
economics, art, etc. In art for example: namely song. The songs have the
imaginative quality and specific characteristic of the language use, such as
denotation and connotation. English songs are used to express human feelings. It
is necessary for listeners especially Indonesian to comprehend the content of the
English songs than the others. Now, all of the people like music or song, from the
young till adult, especially English ones. Most of them would like to collect the
English song cassettes or CD. They are interested in improving English mastery
through English songs which are popular right now.
In this thesis, the writer chooses the song as object of the research. Song is
a short musical composition which is sung by human voice, and has a certain
lyric. Lyric is expressing the writer's emotions, usually briefly and in stanzas or
recognized forms (Concise Oxford English Dictionary, 11th Edition Revised).
The meaning of a lyric can either be explicit or implicit. Some of lyrics are
composed in poetical composition which makes it similar with poetries that there
are many words written using figurative languages. Most of the authors express
their ideas of reality, social life in their point of view, and their experiences
through their own imaginative and intense perception of their own world. The
authors purpose to makes a good response from the listeners. So, the song can
make the listeners more interested in hearing it such as in Harris Jung’s song.
The writer chooses Harris Jung’s songs, because this is one of the most
popular and bestseller album in this year of Ramadhan month and this song was

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3

successful and become the hottest songs on 2015 defeating the famous band
“COLDPLAY” on iTunes with other songs. This news is told through account
instagram Warner Music Indonesia.
Harris Jung is British-Muslim recording artist who won the Awakening
Talent Contest in 2013, leading him to sign a record deal with Awakening
Records. Through Awakening, he released his first official music video for the
song "SalamAlaikum" as part of his debut album Salam. There are many messages
delivered in his songs, the concept of songs in this album mostly about religious
song, which describes the greatness of Almighty Allah and the Prophet
Muhammad as well as the love a child to the parents. And the language that is
used to convey the messages in the song is figurative language, so the listener will
be interested in listening song to obtain the purpose and the messages delivered in
the song.
This study focused on the use of figurative languages in song lyrics
especially in Harris Jung’s songs, because many figurative languages could be
analyzed by the writer. In fact, many students do not really understand about
figurative language, how to classify the type and explain the denotative meaning
from figurative meaning. Every song has many messages. The song needs to
analyze the meaning to understand the song. From the phenomenon, the writer
would analyze the figurative language which is used mainly in the song lyrics in
the songs of Harris J. The writer is also interested to find out what the meaning of
the figurative language found in that song. The writer presents a study entitled:

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“AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE FOUND ON THE SONG
LYRIC BY HARRIS JUNG’S “SALAM” ALBUM.
1.2 Review of Related Research
The writer takes reviews of related literature from the other graduating
paper as comparison and also close relation of the use of English word. They are:
The first review related to this research, the title is “Analysis on Figurative
Language Used in English Translation of Bukhori Hadith” which has been
researched by Dina in 2008. In her graduating paper, she classified the figurative
language expression based on Perrine theory’s and applied pragmatic context to
describe the implicature. After analyzing the data, the researcher found the types
of figurative language used in Bukhari Hadith which can be identified as simile,
metaphor, personification, and allegory. She also found that the implicature used
in English translation of Bukhori Hadith covered the explanation, describtion and
also reminder. All of the implicature in her study belongs to the conversational
implicature.
The second review related to this research, is “An Analysis of Figurative
Languages Used in Harry Potter Fifth Movie “Harry Potter and The Order of The
Phoenix”, by Okventia Rahma Lutan in 2012, in her graduating paper, she used
descriptive qualitative methods in her analyze. In her graduating paper, she found
10 kinds of figurative languages. They are metaphor, simile, personification,
metonymy, symbol, synecdoche, paradox, hyperbole, litotes, and irony.
The third review related to this research, is “A Semantic Study on
Figurative Language Used in the Westlife’s Album”. By Agustin Dwi Ningrum in

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5

2009. In her graduating paper, she classified the figurative language expression
based on human perceptual system and describing the contextual meaning of the
figurative language expression used in Westlife’s lyrics song on Westlife’s album.
After analyzing the data, the researcher found that figurative language used on
Westlife’s album is dominated by personification as their creativity of mind
expression. Besides, the writer also finds other of figurative language namely;
hyperbole, simile, metaphor, and synecdoche. Westlife’s album uses several
symbol of human perceptual system namely; being, energy, substance, object,
animate, and human/man.
This research has the same theme with the first and the second review
related literature research. The analysis is figurative language, but the objectives
of this research do not concern to Bukhari Hadith and movie, but it concerns with
song’s lyrics.
There is similarity between this research and this previous study. It is
about the theme and objectives in the last previous study. The differences between
this research and the last previous study are objective in song album. The album
title of this research is “SALAM” by Harris Jung’s, whereas the last research is
“Westlife”
1.3 Statement of the Problem
From the background of the study, the writer would like to write down the
problem statement as follows:
1. What are the types of figurative language used in Harris Jung’s “Salam”
album?

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6

2. What are the figurative meanings that used in Harris Jung’s “Salam”
album?
1.4 Objectives of the Study
Specifically, the purposes of the research are:
1. To identify the types of figurative language used in Harris Jung’s “Salam”
Album.
2. To describe the figurative meaning of each types of figurative expression
found in the song’s lyrics.
1.5 Significance of the Study
A study on figurative language is very interesting and challenging because it
is one of the aspects of the language used. This study gives both theoretical and
practical contribution. Theoretically, the result of the study is expected to be
useful and develop the information of semantic study, especially in figurative
language. Practically, the result of this study are expected to be useful for the
writer herself or give a valuable knowledge and further information for any
readers in general and also being an alternative references for other researchers
especially in conducting the same research.
1.6 The Scope and Limitation
The scope of this research focuses on semantic study, especially in
figurative language that is classified in eleven kinds: they are simile, hyperbole,
personification, metaphor, symbol, litotes, synecdoche, metonymy, paradox,
oxymoron, and irony. To avoid the broadening of discussion, the writer limits the

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7

research only in twelve songs of Harris Jung and the figurative meaning that are
used in the album of Harris Jung’s song lyrics “Salam”. Ten titles of Harris Jung
songs are “SalamuAlaikum, My Hero, Good Life, Let me Breathe, Love Who
You Are, I promise, You Are My Life, The One, Rasool Allah, and Worth it”.
1.7 Definitions of key Terms
Semantic: Study of meaning and since meaning in part of language, semantic is
part of linguistic. (Palmer, 1976:1)
Figurative Language: A figure of speech may be said to occur whenever a
speaker or writer, for the sake of freshness or emphasis, departs from the usual
denotations of words. (X. J. Kennedy, 1979:487) it means that figurative language
is a word or phrase that departs from everyday literal language for the sake
comparison, emphasis, clarity, or freshness.

Song: a musical expression, which are consist of rhythm and lyrics
(en.wikipedia.org).
Lyrics: Is a composed for singing (Oxford Dictionary 1995:703).
Harris Jung: Is a young British Muslim artist with Indian and Irish heritage
(en.wikipedia.org).
SALAM: The first one of Harris Jung’s that was released on 18 September 2015
in Jakarta.

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CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter will discuss about the review of the related theories and related
studies this review is very important because it used as the basis of analysis of the
study. In this part the writer reviews the theories related to figurative language
based on X. J. Kennedy theory (1979) on his book entitled Literature: an
Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. These theories include the types and
definition of figurative language.
2.1. Semantics
Palmer (1981: 1) states that semantic is the technical terms used to
refer to the study of meaning, and since meaning is a part of language, semantic is
a part of linguistic. In addition, he states that meaning here covers variety aspect
of language and there is no general agreement about the nature of meaning, what
aspect of it may properly by included in semantic, or the way in which it should
be described. John I Saeed classifies the semantic on the diagram below.

Semantics

Literal meaning

Non- Literal Meaning

Figurative language

Hyperbole

Personification

Simile

Irony

Metaphor

Metonymy

Litotes

e
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2.2 Figurative Language
The Webster‘s New World College Dictionary (1996: 571) explains that
figurative speech is an expression (as metaphor or euphemism) that substitutes a
variation of points of view by which things or notions which is referred to as if it
is different in some ways (in identify, degree, shape) from what it actually is or
seems to be but so related to the expression successfully implies an intended
meaning of effect either or greatly different from what is utterly said.
Rozakis (1995: 28) says that “Figurative language – saying one thing in
terms of another”. It means that figurative language is an expression used by
person or the author indirectly by using a comparison. It cannot be interpreted
literally because the comparison in figurative language expression has the
meaning.
Figurative language is language that uses figures of speech. A figure of
speech is a way of saying something other than the literal meaning of the world.
Figure of speech may be said occur whenever a speaker or writer, for the sake of
freshness or emphasis, departs from the usual denotations of words (X.J.
Kennedy, 1979:187).
Based on Kennedy (1983: 481), figurative language consists of
comparative, contradictive, and correlative. Comparative language consists of
Personification, Metaphor, and Simile. Contradictive figurative language consists
of Hyperbole, litotes, Paradox, and Irony. Correlative figurative language consists
of Metonymy, Synecdoche, Symbol, Allusion, and Ellipsis. For clearer
information, look at these following explanation.

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2.2.1 Comparative Figurative Language
Comparative figurative language consists of Personification, Metaphor, and
Simile.
2.2.1.1 Personification
Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing, an animal, or an
abstract term (truth or nature) is made human (Kennedy, 1979:495).
Personification gives human characteristics to inanimate objects, animals, or
ideas. This can really affect the way the reader imagines things. This is used in
children’s books, poetry, and fictional literature. Other definition is given by
Potter, (1967: 54). He defines that personification is figure of speech in
imaginative something, which does not have soul as though they have human
characteristic.
For example:
1) The sun played hide and seek with the clouds.
2) The sky was full of dancing stars.
The meaning of the first statement is the weather of that day is always
change, and the meaning of the second statement, the sky of that night is very
beautiful because full of stars. Both of the sentences above describe the sun and
the sky is played and dancing as human does. The word “played” and “dancing”
has a connotative meaning.
2.2.1.2 Metaphor
Metaphor is a statement that one thing is something else, which in a literal
sense, it is not. It does not use connective words such as like or as. Kennedy,

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11

(1979: 490). It means that metaphor only makes sense when the similarities
between the two things become apparent or someone understands the connection.
Other definition is given by Keraf (1994: 139) Metaphor is variety of
analogy which compare two things directly, but in short pattern. It means that
between subject and object have same attributes, and writer uses it to compares it
to another. For example:
1) He has a heart of stone.
2) “Oh, my love is red, red rose
The meaning of heart of stone is the man cannot accept opinion from
others because his heart is hard like a stone. For the second example, this sentence
compares a love with a rose that has a red colour, red means brave, so love is
brave, brave to face obstacle and fight to get love.
2.2.1.3 Simile
Kennedy (1979:490) affirms that simile is comparison of two things,
indicated by some connective, usually like, as, than or verb such as resembles.
Generally, simile is defined as a type of figurative language that used to explain
the resemblance of two objects (in shape, colour, characteristic etc). For example:
1) As easy as shooting fish in a barrel.
2) Her eyes are like a star, east star.
The first example is doing something that people think is hard but he
makes it is very easy and simple. For the second example, the word “eyes” and
“east star”, expression can be called explicit comparison because it express those

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12

words with the same purpose. The both of the example above used the key word
like and as to compare between two unlike things.
2.2.2 Contradictive Figurative Language
There are four kind of contradictive figurative language which consists of
Hyperbole, Litotes, Paradox, and Irony.
2.2.2.1 Hyperbole
Kennedy (1983:496) affirms hyperbole is emphasizing a point with
statement containing exaggeration. It can be ridiculous or funny. Hyperboles can
be added to fiction to add colour and depth to a character. Hyperbole is figure of
speech that it is intentional exaggeration or overstating, often for emphasis or
vivid descriptive. Hyperboles can be added to fiction to add colour and depth to a
character. For example:
1) I had to walk 15 miles to school in the snow, uphill.
2) He was so hungry, he ate that whole cornfield for lunch, stalks and all.
The meaning of the first sentence is he walks to school in the snow it make
like walk so far like 15 miles away. The second statement describe that he ate so
much because very hungry. The statement above is expression of over-statement.
2.2.2.2 Litotes
Litotes is opposite from hyperbole. It is kind of understatement where the
speaker uses negative of a word ironically, to mean the opposite. According
Hornby (2000:451), litotes is expression of one’s meaning by saying something is
the direct opposite of one’s thought, it to make someone’s remarks forceful. For
example:

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13

1) Welcome to my ugly palace
2) .It was no easy matter.
The meaning of the first example is a luxury place, where the king lives
with luxurious. The meaning of the second statement is the man always things
carefully when problem come, and not makes it simple and easy.
2.2.2.3 Paradox
Paradox is statement which seems to contain two opposite facts but is or
may be true (Oxford, 1991:298). Paradox occurs in a statement that at first strikes
us as self-contradictory but that on reflection make some sense (Kennedy, 1979:
497). For example:
1) He was dead in the middle of his riches.
2) We just need to move quickly but carefully.
The meaning of the first statement is the man was dead when he was in the
top in his riches has much money. The meaning of the second statement is they
need to move as fast as possible but carefully. The both of example are
contradictory statement because it has make sense.
2.2.2.4 Irony
The last contradictory figurative language is irony, Irony has a meaning
that extends beyond its use merely as a figure of speech. According to Diyyani
(2004:933), irony almost arises from a contrast or discrepancy between what
happens and what has been expected to happen. For example:
1) You are so discipline because you come the meeting at 8.00 o’clock.

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2) Your house is very beautiful because there are so many things on the
floor
The meaning of the first example is the employee come too late at the
meeting. The meaning of the second statement is the house is very dirty because
there are many things in everywhere. The statement above is a contrast between
what happens and what has been expected to happen.
2.2.3 Correlative Figurative Language
There are five correlative figurative languages consist of:
2.2.3.1 Metonymy
According to Perrine (1978:57), metonymy is the use of something closely
related for the thing actually meant. It is figure of speech which the name of one
object is replaced by another which is closely associated with it. For example:
1) Somebody wants your love so open the door.
2) The pen is mightier than the sword.
The meaning of the first sentence is someone falling in love and asking
girl for accepting his love. The second example describe not only sword, weapon,
knife that can hurt of someone else, but pen can hurt other as sharp as sword. Both
sentences is closely related to the thing actually meant.
2.2.3.2 Synecdoche
Synecdoche is the use of part a thing to stand for the whole of it or vice
versa (Kennedy, 1979: 479). From the definition above a synecdoche is a figure of
speech in which a part is used for the whole.
For example:

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15

1) All eyes on me.
2) Well, because Medicare doesn’t cover old ladies falling off of giant
bees. Get down.
The meaning of the first example, all of people is looking at her. The
meaning of the second statement, Medicare is not always covering all of old
ladies of their sickness. The words eyes and giant bees are used to designate a part
thing for the whole.
2.2.3.3 Symbol
According to Diyanni (2004:569) symbol is any object or action that
represents something beyond its literal self. An apple pie, for example, can
represent an American Lifestyle. Natural symbols like light and darkness, fire and
water can stand for contradictory things. The meaning of any symbol whether an
object, an action, or a gesture, is controlled by its context. A symbol can be
defined simply as any object or action that means more than itself. For example:
1) Music is nature’s painkiller. Sing him a song.
2) I’m ready on jail.
The meaning of statement above is the man dislike music, and the meaning
of the second sentence, the man is ready with anything happen with him. Because
the painkiller and jail here
2.2.3.4 Allusion
Allusion is figurative language that show indirectly forwards a person or
even that people have known together (Potter, 1967:145)
For example: Many victims caused by Nazi

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16

Nazi was a military organization that was leaded by Adolf Hitler, this
organization was known as cruel organization, it members might be killed all by
the enemies and did not pay attention toward its enemies women, children, old
people, all were killed by them.
2.2.3.5 Ellipsis
Ellipsis is figurative language that eliminates word of part of sentence
(Potter, 1967: 146)
Example: Fauzi and his father to Kupang (eliminate verb go)
The sentence eliminate verb in it because the correct sentence is fauzi and
his father go to Kupang.

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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter explains about the methodology of research that is covering
method of data, and data source, technique of data collection, and technique of
data analysis.
3.1 Research Approach
Research method presents the methodology which is used by the writer to
analyze the data. This is very important to do a research. The writer needs to
apply the right method. The method of this research is the descriptive approach. It
determined the types of figurative language and described the figurative meaning
which is found in Harris Jung songs lyric on album “Salam”. Bogdan and Taylor
in Moleong (1975:5) states that qulaitative methodologies refer to the research
produce descripive data: people own written or spoken words observable
behaviour. It means that qualitative research is the form of words that produce
descriptive data in holistic term. The data of this study are not in the form of
number but descriptive and explanation about the Harris Jung song lyrics.
The writer uses descriptive qualitative method in this study. The aim of
descriptive qualitative method is to describe a place, fact and characteristic of
population systematically, factually and accurately. Descriptive qualitative
method employs technique of seeking, collecting and analyzing data. The analyses

17
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in qualitative research concern in understanding the result of found data rather
than calculate the result of found data. (Moleong, 2009:3)
3.2 Source of Data
The source of data was taken from the first album of Harris Jung’ song
“Salam” that was released on 18 September 2015 in Jakarta. The data of this
study is taken from the utterance that is produced by Harris Jung in his songs
lyric. In this study the writer used Harris Jung song lyrics on album “SALAM”.
consists of SalamAlaikum, My Hero, Good Life, Let me Breathe, Love Who You
Are, I promise, You Are My Life, The One, Worth It, and Rasool Allah. The data
were taken from sources in website like a sentence, and clause.
The writer needs the source of data to make the analyzation easily. The
source of data is song lyric of Salam album by Harris Jung.
3.3 Research Instrument
The main research of the study was writer herself, because the research
instrument who active and direct to participate in collecting the data and analysis.
By the observer, Bogdan and Biklen (1998:77) stated that in qualitative research,
the human investigator is the primary instrument for the gathering and analyzing
data. So, the writer was considered as the main instrument because she herself
collected the data by listening the songs of Harris Jung. The data was song lyrics
of the first Album Harris Jung “Salam”.

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3.4 Technique of data collection
In this case the writer used study document as the way to collect the data.
Based on Arikunto (1990:321), study document is getting the data about case or
variable as note, transcripts, book, magazine, etc.
The writer analyzes Salam Lyric’s to collect the data that deals with this
research. For collecting the data, there are several steps to collect the data, they
are:
1. The writer searched the song lyrics of Harris Jung from
http://www.azliriklagu.com or Download lagu Good Life
Harris J mp3. Access on March 6th 2016
2. The writer downloaded song lyrics of Harris Jung by using
Internet Download Manager (IDM) and printed them.
3. Reading and Understanding the song lyric of Salam album.
4. Selected the figurative language.
5. Wrote down the data.
6. Arranged data into several parts based on classification.
3.5 Technique of data analysis
In analyzing figurative language of Harris Jung’s song lyrics, the writer uses some
steps:
1. Identification
After collecting the data, the writer identifies the words, phrase, and
sentence of Harris Jung’s song lyric based on the kinds of figurative

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20

languages that focuses on literal and non literal meaning to make it easier
to classify the data.
2. Classification
The writer classifies each figurative language based on the kinds of
figurative languages.
3. Data Analysis
After classifying the figurative language the writer analyzes the data of
figurative language that is used in Harris Jung songs in Salam album’s.
The step of analyzing data is presented as follow:
a. Reading and observing the figurative languages which found in this
songs.
b. The writer lists the data which found in Salam album.
c. The writer analyzes the literal and figurative meaning to make a
clear definition.
3.6 List of Harris Jung’s Song
The writer classifies the data based on the types of figurative language
(hyperbole, metaphor, personification, simile, synecdoche, and symbol). The lists
of the songs in the “Salam” albums are:
Table 3.6.1 List of the songs in the “SALAM” album
NO

TITLE

CODE

1

SalamAlaikum

S-1

2

My Hero

S-2

3

Good Life

S-3

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21

4

Let me Breathe

S-4

5

Love Who You Are

S-5

6

I promise

S-6

7

You Are My Life

S-7

8

The One

S-8

9

Worth It

S-9

10

Rasool Allah

S-10

Explanation
S: Song
1: first data

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CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND DISCUSSION

This chapter, the writer analyzes the figurative language based on
Kennedy’s theory in the first album of Harris Jung’s lyrics. The structure of
writing research is present in two steps. First, in findings, the writer analyzes the
data found based on the research problems. Second, in discussion section, the
writer explains the result of findings.

4.1 Findings
4.1.1 Types of figurative language
4.1.1.1 Types of Metaphor on the song lyric by Harris Jung
No
1

Figurative language

Code

You were always unselfish and sacrificed

S-2

Everything you risked to change life

1-5

Even when there was darkness
You broke the shackles and brought light
You called everyone to believe in Allah
2

You are my hero

S-2

and I’ll keep you safe in my heart

14-21

You are my hero
till the end and from the very star
3 Thank You for the good life, good life

S-3

22
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23

Allah I want to thank You for the good life

5-8

I leave it all in Your hands, oh
Thank You for the good life, good life

4

You have been my safety

S-4

My protector from start’n

16-19

There’s no way, no one
Could try replacing you in my heart

5

At the way she talks, just how she walks
It’s tearing up her self-esteem

S-5
14-18

She’s lost in doubt, all she cares about
Is to find a way of fitting in
6

Every time that I need you by my side

S-6

Every time I lose my way in life

6-9

You’re my circle of life, compass and guide
There behind me
7

O Allah!
Your words light up my heart

S-7
15-18

This connection I felt from the start
Never lose fight of my dreams
8

You are The One

S-9

In my life

7-14

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24

Always right there beside me
I’m so blessed You’re The One
In my life
Always right there to guide me
Giving me strength
You’re The One

4.1.1.2 Types of Hyperbole on the song lyric by Harris Jung
No
1

Figurative language
I will always hold your love
And all your teachings in my heart

Code
S-2
11-13

You called everyone
to believe in Allah
2

You brighten up my day

S-10

And in my heart you’ll stay

15-17

With every breath I take
3

I just need a little more space

S-4

To live my life

8-12

And make my own decisions
Looking through my eyes, oh
I’m not trying to break your trust
4

If I say I will

S-4

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25

You don’t need to stay up and worry

18-21

I’ll be alright
Let me feel naïve, let me paint the sky
5

You were always unselfish and sacrificed

S-2

Everything you risked to change life

4-5

Even when there was darkness
You broke the shackles and brought light
You called everyone to believe in Allah
6

You’re the mighty all the key

S-7

All the inspiration I need

6-10

And when times get tough
I know you’ll stand by me
7

Oh you, Came in to this life

S-10

Brought up as an orphan child

2-4

Through a time of deep despair, O Muhammad!
8

Rasool’Allah, Habib’Allah

S-10

I’m longing for the day I see your face

46-49

Rasool’Allah, Habib’Allah
Your light is always showing me the way
9

Eyes that could light up any soul

S-10

You became the Chosen One

19-21

To proclaim the world of God, O Muhammad!

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26

4.1.1.3 Types of Personification on the song lyric by Harris Jung
No
1

Figurative language
There are days when I just don’t want to talk
And your feelings hit a wall

Code
S-6
15-18

But that won’t change
The love you’ve raised inside this family
2

6am, when he wakes up 06:00,

S-5

He wipes the sleep from his eyes

1-4

Another day, at school again
Weighing heavy upon his mind
3

You can try and turn off the sun

S-1

I’m still going to shine away, yeah

1-3

And tell everyone
4

Spread peace on the earth
Cherish the love that is around us

S-1
17-20

Spread peace on the earth
Treasure the love, let it surround us
5

I know you’ve walked in my shoes

S-4

And get just what I’m feeling

1-4

I know you’ve brought me up
To always do the right thing

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4.1.1.4 Types of Simile on the song lyric by Harris Jung
No
1

Figurative language

Code

‘Cause everyday is like a brand new story

S-3

With unwritten lines

7-10

And no matter the weather
It's going, going to be alright
2

Don’t ever forget to love

S-5

Keep loving who you are

9-12

Don’t ever forget you shine
Shining like a star
3

I’ll put you first, hold you close
Like you taught me

S-6
10-13

Know that I’ll be there for you, for you
4

When I learnt for the first time

S-9

I know my heart wasn’t prepared

1-6

For just how much You’d mean to me
But Allah, how I know now
That a life without You there
Is like a bird without its wings
5

It’s way too late, but I’m still wide-awake

S-10

‘Cause I can’t sleep yet, I can’t sleep yet

6-7

Got a thousand words,

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28

That won’t stop running circles
Around in my head, around in my head
Sometimes I feel just like these days and nights will never
end
But will I ever get this chance again
6

I’m on the path now I’m running like a circuit

S-10

Got my dreams in sight and I’m ready for the fight

26-28

Now it’s time to put all of the work in, yeah!

4.1.1.5 Types of Synecdoche on the song lyric by Harris Jung
No
1

Figurative language

Code

I know you’ve brought me up
To always do the right thing
You don’t need to solve all of my problems

2

She stood, by her mirror
She’s wondering how to fix her scarf

S-5
16-19

Filled up, with a fear of
People staring from afar
3

I just want to spread love and peace

S-1

And all of my happiness, yeah

9-12

To everyone I that meet
Cause I'm feeling spectacular

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29

4. 1.1.6 Types of Symbol on the song lyric by Harris Jung
No
1

Figurative language
You are my hero
and you’ll always be the best part

Code
S-2
19-21

Of every single day
I will follow you
2

Even when there was darkness

S-2

You broke the shackles and brought light

3-6

You called everyone to believe in Allah
3

Forever I won’t be afraid
With You right here I’ll be OK

S-9
21-24

‘Cause everything about You is the truth
Whenever I call out Your Name

4.1.2 An Analysis Meaning of Figurative Language Used in Harris Jung’s
Song Lyric
4.1.2.1 Metaphor
According to Wren and Martin, metaphor is an implied simile. It does not
like the simile, state one thing is like another or acts as another, but takes that for
granted and proceeds as if the two things were one. (1981: 489). The writer
discovers 8 sentences that contains metaphor that is used in the song lyrics by
Harris Jung, they are:

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30

Song 2: My Hero
You were always unselfish and sacrificed
Everything you risked to change life
Even when there was darkness
You broke the shackles and brought light
You called everyone to believe in Allah

The bold sentence is metaphor. The singer uses metaphor in this lyric. The
word “everything” is compared with the word “change life”. The singer uses the
word “everything” is abstract that we cannot know what it is. We can interpret
everything depend on context. In this context “everything” means life. He will use
some way to change good life thereafter. In this lyric, the singer describes his
admiration to the greatn