Peran Gambaran Leukosit terhadap Kesembuhan Luka antara H-Plasty dengan Linear Closure pada Kucing Lokal (Felis catus).
ROLE OF LEUKOCYTE PROFILES IN WOUND HEALING
BETWEEN H-PLASTY AND LINEAR CLOSURE IN
DOMESTIC HOUSE CATS (Felis catus)
LIM SU-SZIEN
DEPARTMENT OF CLINIC, REPRODUCTION AND PATHOLOGY
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
BOGOR
2015
STATEMENT ON UNDERGRADUATE THESIS AND
INFORMATION SOURCES AND COPYRIGHT
I hereby state that this undergraduate thesis entitled “Role of Leukocytes
Profile in Wound Healing between H-Plasty and Linear Closure in Domestic
House Cats (Felis catus)” is my own work with the assistance of my supervisors
and has not been submitted in any form to other institutes. Sources of information
used in this undergraduate thesis quoted from other sources both publicized and
unpublicized are written at the end of this thesis.
I hereby present the copyright of my undergraduate thesis to Bogor
Agricultural University.
Bogor, June 2015
Lim Su-Szien
NIM B04118012
ABSTRACT
LIM SU-SZIEN. Role of Leukocyte Profiles in Wound Healing between H-Plasty
and Linear Closure in Domestic House Cats (Felis catus). Supervised by DENI
NOVIANA and GUNANTI.
Skin wounds commonly seen in veterinary practice can be repaired with a
variety of reconstructive choices such as skin flaps. The research purpose is to
learn and understand the healing process between skin flap H-Plasty and linear
closure in domestic house cats by observing leukocyte profiles. Six male cats
divided into two groups were used of which open wounds of 2x2 cm were made
on the skin of lateral thorax. In H-Plasty group, 1 cm parallel incisions were made
on each sides of the defect, skin is undermined, advanced over the defect and
sutured. In linear closure group, the elliptic defect was sutured across the widest
part, continued by dividing each remaining segment in half with subsequent
sutures. Blood was drawn of 1 ml from the medial saphenous vein for an
alternating 3 days of a 12-day period and the profiles’ results were observed. Both
flaps showed insignificant differences (P>0.05) in the profiles of segmented
neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes whereas significant differences (p0.05)
dalam gambaran neutrofil bersegmen, limfosit dan monosit sedangkan perbedaan
nyata (P0.05) between all the days whereas when compared
between groups, they are of significant difference (P0.05) when compared by
the observation time between all days of both groups and between both groups
except on Day 0. The average in Group I is higher than Group II as seen in Table
5 which is resulted from infection due to the bigger wound size between the two
skin flaps however, the total is still within reference range. Lymphocytes are
observed to decrease on Day 3 till Day 9 and slightly increase on Day 12 in Group
I whereas they slightly increased on Day 3 and Day 9 and slightly decreased on
Day 6 and Day 12 in Group II. The increment might be due to the fact that the cats
used in the research are young because younger animals are prone to
lymphocytosis secondary to excitement of fear (Brockus 2006, Stockham and
Scott 2002, Valenciano et al. 2010) and the decrement is the body’s effort in
getting back to its normal condition.
11
Table 6 Total monocytes (×103/ µL) during the wound healing period of skin
flaps in cats
Time of Observation
(Day-… post-surgery)
Group
I (H-Plasty)
II (Linear Closure)
a,x
0
0.40±0.27
0.33±0.15 a,x
3
0.47±0.15 b,x
0.67±0.12 b,x
6
0.53±0.12 b,x
0.63±0.12 b,x
b,x
9
0.50±0.10
0.67±0.06 b,y
12
0.47±0.21 ab,x
0.60±0.10 ab,x
Average
0.47±0.16
0.58±0.16
Data presented in average with standard deviation (x±SD). The numbers on the same column
and row followed by the same alphabet (a,b) and (x,y) respectively indicate an insignificant result
at a 5% level of significance test.
Monocytes when compared by observation time of both groups and between
both groups except Day 9 displayed an insignificant difference (P>0.05) based on
the statistic test result using univariate analysis. The average in Group II is higher
than Group I as displayed in Table 6, resulted from an acute inflammation on the
wound but the amount is still within reference range. In wound healing, the
sequence of events awaiting a complete wound closure and repair can be divided
into three overlapping phases: inflammation, proliferation, and matrix formation
and remodelling (Koh and DiPietro 2011). In Group I, monocytes are observed to
increase on Day 3 till Day 6 and decrease on Day 9 till Day 12 whereas in Group
II, they increased on Day 3, insignificantly decreased and increased on Day 6 and
Day 9 respectively and decreased on Day 12. Monocytosis occurs in many
conditions, including inflammation and tissue destruction which might have cause
the increment (Valenciano et al. 2010).
Table 7 Total eosinophils (×103/ µL) during the wound healing period of skin
flaps in cats
Time of Observation
(Day-… post-surgery)
Group
I (H-Plasty)
II (Linear Closure)
a,x
0
0.03±0.06
0.17±0.06 a,y
3
0.20±0.00 b,x
0.23±0.06 b,x
b,x
6
0.20±0.00
0.23±0.06 b,x
9
0.20±0.00 b,x
0.17±0.12 b,x
b,x
12
0.13±0.06
0.23±0.06 b,x
Average
0.15±0.07
0.21±0.07
Data presented in average with standard deviation (x±SD). The numbers on the same column
and row followed by the same alphabet (a,b) and (x,y) indicate an insignificant result at a 5%
level of significance test.
12
Based on the statistic test result using univariate analysis, eosinophils when
compared by observation time of both groups manifested a significant difference
(P0.05) on Day 3, 6, 9 and 12
when compared between both groups. The average in Group II is higher than
Group I as shown in Table 7, however, it is still within reference range.
Eosinophils are observed to increase and stayed stagnant from Day 3 to Day 9 and
decreased on Day 12 in Group I whereas they increased and stayed stagnant from
Day 3 to Day 6, decreased on Day 9 and increased on Day 12. The increase in
eosinophils is due to tissue remodelling of the wound (Young and Meadows 2012)
and the decrement is the body working its way to its physiological condition.
Basophils release mediators for inflammation and allergy (Worm et al.
2013). They were not observed during the blood sampling; basopenia is not a
recognised clinical problem (Brockus 2006, Valenciano et al. 2010). Therefore,
the data collected of zero basophil to be found is within reference range. No
basophil observed does not indicate that the animal is not having an inflammation
or allergy nonetheless; changes in other leukocyte profiles should be observed to
ensure the presence or absence of an inflammation (Mochizuki et al. 2014).
CONCLUSION
The leukocyte profiles observed from both skin flaps “H-Plasty” and linear
closure are all within reference range therefore they can be used to repair wounds
in domestic house cats (Felis catus).
REFERENCES
Bacha JW, Bacha LM. 2012. Color Atlas of Veterinary Histology. 3rd ed. UK:
Wiley-Blackwell.
Brockus CW. 2006. Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine. In August JR,
editor. US: Elsevier Saunders.
Dallas SE. 2006. Animal Biology and Care. 2nd ed. UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Fossum TW, Dewey CW, Horn CV, Johnson AL, MacPhail CM, Radlinsky MG,
Schulz KS, Willard MD. 2013. Small Animal Surgery. 4th ed. Missouri (US):
Mosby Elsevier.
Harvey JW. 2012. Veterinary Hematology: A Diagnostic Guide and Color Atlas.
Missouri (US): Elsevier Saunders.
Kim MH, Liu W, Borjesson DL, Curry FRE, Miller LS, Cheung AL, Liu FT,
Isseroff RR, Simon SI. 2008. Dynamics of neutrophil infiltration during
cutaneous wound healing and infection using fluorescence imaging. J Invest
Dermatol. 128:1812-1820.doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5701223.
Koch D. 2011. Handout: Advanced Course in Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery.
Daniel Koch: Small Animal Surgery Referrals [Internet]. [Downloaded 2015
13
May
12].
On
http://www.dkoch.ch/xp_wysiwyg_media/English_Website/Handout_Advance
d_Course_in_Soft_Tissue_Surgery_2011.pdf.
Koh TJ, DiPietro LA. 2011. Inflammation and wound healing: the role of the
macrophage. Expert Rev Mol Med. 13(23):1.doi:10.1017/S1462399411001943.
Latimer KS, Bienzle D. 2010. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. 6th ed. In Weiss
DJ, Wardrop KJ, editor. Iowa (US): Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Liu Y, Jiao H, Ji X, Liu C, Zhong X, Zhang H, Ding X, Cao X. 2014. A
comparative study of four types of free flaps from the ipsilateral extremity for
finger reconstruction. PLoS ONE. 9(8):1.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104014.
Merck Manuals. 2012. Hematologic Reference Ranges. The Merck Veterinary
Manual
[Internet].
[Accessed
2015
April
3].
On
http://www.merckmanuals.com/vet/appendixes/reference_guides/hematologicr
eference_ranges.html.
Mochizuki H, Seki T, Nakahara Y, Tomita A, Takahashi M, Fujino Y, Ohno K,
Tsujimoto H. 2014. Chronic myelogenous leukaemia with persistent
neutrophilia, eosinophilia and basophilia in a cat. J Feline Med Surg.
16(6):517-21.doi:10.1177/1098612X13505576
Nagatomi R. 2013. Alteration in blood leukocyte profile due to exercise and its
implication. J Phys Fitness Sports Med. 2(4):451-455.doi:10.7600/jpfsm.2.451.
Nelissen P, White D. 2014. Feline Soft Tissue and General Sugery. In LangleyHobbs SJ, Demetriou JL, Ladlow JF, editor. Missouri (US): Elsevier Saunders.
Nevill BG. 2010. Bilateral axillary skin fold flaps used for dorsal thoracic skin
wound closure in a dog. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 81(1):58-61.
Oliaei S, Chu EA. 2013. Encyclopedia of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck
Surgery. In Kountakis SE, editor. US: Springer Link.
Özalp GR, Temizel EM, Özocak-Batmaz. 2013. Clinical, ultrasonography and
haematology of aglepristone-induced mid-gestation pregnancy terminations in
rabbits. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 84(1):1.doi:10.4102/jsava.v84i1.998.
Pavletic MM. 2010. Atlas of Small Animal Wound Management and
Reconstructive Surgery. 3rd ed. Iowa (US): Wiley-Blackwell.
Poitout-Belissent FM, McCartney JE. 2010. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. 6th
ed. In Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ, editor. Iowa (US): Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Reinke JM, Sorg H. 2012. Wound repair and regeneration. Eur Surg Res.
49(1):35-43.doi:10.1159/000339613.
Rodrigues HG, Vinolo MAR, Magdalon J, Vitzel K, Nachbar RT, Pessoa AFM,
Santos MF, Hatanaka E, Calder PC, Curi R. 2012. Oral administration of oleic
or linoleic acid accelerates the inflammatory phase of wound healing. J Invest
Dermatol. 132:208-215.doi:10.1038/jid.2011.265.
Seifert AW, Monaghan JR, Voss SR, Maden M. 2012. Skin regeneration in adult
axolotls: a blueprint for scar-free healing in vertebrates. PLoS ONE.
7(4):1.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032875.
Shin SJ, Han DH, Song H, Jang YJ, Park DH, Park MC. 2014. Continuous highpressure negative suction drain: new powerful tool for closed wound
management: clinical experience.
J Craniofac Surg. 25(4):14271431.doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000000575.
Solomon AE, Benjamin OE, Obolo D. 2015. Studies on the relationships between
leucocytosis and haematocrit. Adv Life Sci Technol. 29(1):17-22.
14
Stella J, Croney C, Buffington T. 2013. Effects of stressors on the behaviour and
physiology of domestic cats. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 143(2-4):157-163
Stockham SL, Scott MA. 2002. Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology.
Iowa (US): Blackwell Publishing.
Vaduganathan M, Greene SJ, Butler J, Sabbah HN, Shantsila E, Lip GYH,
Gheorghiade M. 2012. The immunological axis in heart failure: importance of
the leukocyte differential. Heart Fail Rev. 18:835-45.doi:10.1007/s10741-0129352-9.
Valenciano AC, Decker LS, Cowell RL. 2010. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology.
6th ed. In Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ, editor. Iowa (US): Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Wang X, Yu M, Zhu W, Bao T, Zhu L, Zhao W, Zhao F, Wang H. 2013.
Adenovirus-mediated expression of keratinocyte growth factor promotes
secondary flap necrotic wound healing in an extended animal model. Aesth
Plast Surg. 37(1):1023-1033.doi:10.1007/s00266-013-0200-7.
Worm M, Patel D, Creticos PS. 2013. Cat peptide antigen desensitisation for
treating cat allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs.
22(10):1347-57.DOI:10.1517/13543784.2013.827661
Young KM, Meadows RL. 2010. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. 6th ed. In
Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ, editor. Iowa (US): Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
15
BIOGRAPHY
Su-Szien was born on September 24th, 1993 and raised in Penang, Malaysia.
She is the youngest child of three siblings of Lim Swee Guan and Ng Yoon Land.
She attended St. Marguerite’s Convent high school in 2006 and graduated in
2010. She continued her Pre-University programme at President College Kuala
Lumpur and furthered her tertiary education at the Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University. During her university years, she joined
various organizations including Persatuan Kebangsaan Pelajar-Pelajar Mahasiswa
di Indonesia (PKPMI) and Keluarga Mahasiwa Buddhis IPB (KMB) as members
(2011-2015). She was also active in the faculty’s student organisation, Himpunan
Profesi Hewan Kesayangan dan Satwa Akuatik Eksotik (HIMPRO HKSA) (20122015). She wants to specialise and broaden her knowledge in surgery of pet
animals.
BETWEEN H-PLASTY AND LINEAR CLOSURE IN
DOMESTIC HOUSE CATS (Felis catus)
LIM SU-SZIEN
DEPARTMENT OF CLINIC, REPRODUCTION AND PATHOLOGY
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
BOGOR
2015
STATEMENT ON UNDERGRADUATE THESIS AND
INFORMATION SOURCES AND COPYRIGHT
I hereby state that this undergraduate thesis entitled “Role of Leukocytes
Profile in Wound Healing between H-Plasty and Linear Closure in Domestic
House Cats (Felis catus)” is my own work with the assistance of my supervisors
and has not been submitted in any form to other institutes. Sources of information
used in this undergraduate thesis quoted from other sources both publicized and
unpublicized are written at the end of this thesis.
I hereby present the copyright of my undergraduate thesis to Bogor
Agricultural University.
Bogor, June 2015
Lim Su-Szien
NIM B04118012
ABSTRACT
LIM SU-SZIEN. Role of Leukocyte Profiles in Wound Healing between H-Plasty
and Linear Closure in Domestic House Cats (Felis catus). Supervised by DENI
NOVIANA and GUNANTI.
Skin wounds commonly seen in veterinary practice can be repaired with a
variety of reconstructive choices such as skin flaps. The research purpose is to
learn and understand the healing process between skin flap H-Plasty and linear
closure in domestic house cats by observing leukocyte profiles. Six male cats
divided into two groups were used of which open wounds of 2x2 cm were made
on the skin of lateral thorax. In H-Plasty group, 1 cm parallel incisions were made
on each sides of the defect, skin is undermined, advanced over the defect and
sutured. In linear closure group, the elliptic defect was sutured across the widest
part, continued by dividing each remaining segment in half with subsequent
sutures. Blood was drawn of 1 ml from the medial saphenous vein for an
alternating 3 days of a 12-day period and the profiles’ results were observed. Both
flaps showed insignificant differences (P>0.05) in the profiles of segmented
neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes whereas significant differences (p0.05)
dalam gambaran neutrofil bersegmen, limfosit dan monosit sedangkan perbedaan
nyata (P0.05) between all the days whereas when compared
between groups, they are of significant difference (P0.05) when compared by
the observation time between all days of both groups and between both groups
except on Day 0. The average in Group I is higher than Group II as seen in Table
5 which is resulted from infection due to the bigger wound size between the two
skin flaps however, the total is still within reference range. Lymphocytes are
observed to decrease on Day 3 till Day 9 and slightly increase on Day 12 in Group
I whereas they slightly increased on Day 3 and Day 9 and slightly decreased on
Day 6 and Day 12 in Group II. The increment might be due to the fact that the cats
used in the research are young because younger animals are prone to
lymphocytosis secondary to excitement of fear (Brockus 2006, Stockham and
Scott 2002, Valenciano et al. 2010) and the decrement is the body’s effort in
getting back to its normal condition.
11
Table 6 Total monocytes (×103/ µL) during the wound healing period of skin
flaps in cats
Time of Observation
(Day-… post-surgery)
Group
I (H-Plasty)
II (Linear Closure)
a,x
0
0.40±0.27
0.33±0.15 a,x
3
0.47±0.15 b,x
0.67±0.12 b,x
6
0.53±0.12 b,x
0.63±0.12 b,x
b,x
9
0.50±0.10
0.67±0.06 b,y
12
0.47±0.21 ab,x
0.60±0.10 ab,x
Average
0.47±0.16
0.58±0.16
Data presented in average with standard deviation (x±SD). The numbers on the same column
and row followed by the same alphabet (a,b) and (x,y) respectively indicate an insignificant result
at a 5% level of significance test.
Monocytes when compared by observation time of both groups and between
both groups except Day 9 displayed an insignificant difference (P>0.05) based on
the statistic test result using univariate analysis. The average in Group II is higher
than Group I as displayed in Table 6, resulted from an acute inflammation on the
wound but the amount is still within reference range. In wound healing, the
sequence of events awaiting a complete wound closure and repair can be divided
into three overlapping phases: inflammation, proliferation, and matrix formation
and remodelling (Koh and DiPietro 2011). In Group I, monocytes are observed to
increase on Day 3 till Day 6 and decrease on Day 9 till Day 12 whereas in Group
II, they increased on Day 3, insignificantly decreased and increased on Day 6 and
Day 9 respectively and decreased on Day 12. Monocytosis occurs in many
conditions, including inflammation and tissue destruction which might have cause
the increment (Valenciano et al. 2010).
Table 7 Total eosinophils (×103/ µL) during the wound healing period of skin
flaps in cats
Time of Observation
(Day-… post-surgery)
Group
I (H-Plasty)
II (Linear Closure)
a,x
0
0.03±0.06
0.17±0.06 a,y
3
0.20±0.00 b,x
0.23±0.06 b,x
b,x
6
0.20±0.00
0.23±0.06 b,x
9
0.20±0.00 b,x
0.17±0.12 b,x
b,x
12
0.13±0.06
0.23±0.06 b,x
Average
0.15±0.07
0.21±0.07
Data presented in average with standard deviation (x±SD). The numbers on the same column
and row followed by the same alphabet (a,b) and (x,y) indicate an insignificant result at a 5%
level of significance test.
12
Based on the statistic test result using univariate analysis, eosinophils when
compared by observation time of both groups manifested a significant difference
(P0.05) on Day 3, 6, 9 and 12
when compared between both groups. The average in Group II is higher than
Group I as shown in Table 7, however, it is still within reference range.
Eosinophils are observed to increase and stayed stagnant from Day 3 to Day 9 and
decreased on Day 12 in Group I whereas they increased and stayed stagnant from
Day 3 to Day 6, decreased on Day 9 and increased on Day 12. The increase in
eosinophils is due to tissue remodelling of the wound (Young and Meadows 2012)
and the decrement is the body working its way to its physiological condition.
Basophils release mediators for inflammation and allergy (Worm et al.
2013). They were not observed during the blood sampling; basopenia is not a
recognised clinical problem (Brockus 2006, Valenciano et al. 2010). Therefore,
the data collected of zero basophil to be found is within reference range. No
basophil observed does not indicate that the animal is not having an inflammation
or allergy nonetheless; changes in other leukocyte profiles should be observed to
ensure the presence or absence of an inflammation (Mochizuki et al. 2014).
CONCLUSION
The leukocyte profiles observed from both skin flaps “H-Plasty” and linear
closure are all within reference range therefore they can be used to repair wounds
in domestic house cats (Felis catus).
REFERENCES
Bacha JW, Bacha LM. 2012. Color Atlas of Veterinary Histology. 3rd ed. UK:
Wiley-Blackwell.
Brockus CW. 2006. Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine. In August JR,
editor. US: Elsevier Saunders.
Dallas SE. 2006. Animal Biology and Care. 2nd ed. UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Fossum TW, Dewey CW, Horn CV, Johnson AL, MacPhail CM, Radlinsky MG,
Schulz KS, Willard MD. 2013. Small Animal Surgery. 4th ed. Missouri (US):
Mosby Elsevier.
Harvey JW. 2012. Veterinary Hematology: A Diagnostic Guide and Color Atlas.
Missouri (US): Elsevier Saunders.
Kim MH, Liu W, Borjesson DL, Curry FRE, Miller LS, Cheung AL, Liu FT,
Isseroff RR, Simon SI. 2008. Dynamics of neutrophil infiltration during
cutaneous wound healing and infection using fluorescence imaging. J Invest
Dermatol. 128:1812-1820.doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5701223.
Koch D. 2011. Handout: Advanced Course in Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery.
Daniel Koch: Small Animal Surgery Referrals [Internet]. [Downloaded 2015
13
May
12].
On
http://www.dkoch.ch/xp_wysiwyg_media/English_Website/Handout_Advance
d_Course_in_Soft_Tissue_Surgery_2011.pdf.
Koh TJ, DiPietro LA. 2011. Inflammation and wound healing: the role of the
macrophage. Expert Rev Mol Med. 13(23):1.doi:10.1017/S1462399411001943.
Latimer KS, Bienzle D. 2010. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. 6th ed. In Weiss
DJ, Wardrop KJ, editor. Iowa (US): Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Liu Y, Jiao H, Ji X, Liu C, Zhong X, Zhang H, Ding X, Cao X. 2014. A
comparative study of four types of free flaps from the ipsilateral extremity for
finger reconstruction. PLoS ONE. 9(8):1.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104014.
Merck Manuals. 2012. Hematologic Reference Ranges. The Merck Veterinary
Manual
[Internet].
[Accessed
2015
April
3].
On
http://www.merckmanuals.com/vet/appendixes/reference_guides/hematologicr
eference_ranges.html.
Mochizuki H, Seki T, Nakahara Y, Tomita A, Takahashi M, Fujino Y, Ohno K,
Tsujimoto H. 2014. Chronic myelogenous leukaemia with persistent
neutrophilia, eosinophilia and basophilia in a cat. J Feline Med Surg.
16(6):517-21.doi:10.1177/1098612X13505576
Nagatomi R. 2013. Alteration in blood leukocyte profile due to exercise and its
implication. J Phys Fitness Sports Med. 2(4):451-455.doi:10.7600/jpfsm.2.451.
Nelissen P, White D. 2014. Feline Soft Tissue and General Sugery. In LangleyHobbs SJ, Demetriou JL, Ladlow JF, editor. Missouri (US): Elsevier Saunders.
Nevill BG. 2010. Bilateral axillary skin fold flaps used for dorsal thoracic skin
wound closure in a dog. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 81(1):58-61.
Oliaei S, Chu EA. 2013. Encyclopedia of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck
Surgery. In Kountakis SE, editor. US: Springer Link.
Özalp GR, Temizel EM, Özocak-Batmaz. 2013. Clinical, ultrasonography and
haematology of aglepristone-induced mid-gestation pregnancy terminations in
rabbits. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 84(1):1.doi:10.4102/jsava.v84i1.998.
Pavletic MM. 2010. Atlas of Small Animal Wound Management and
Reconstructive Surgery. 3rd ed. Iowa (US): Wiley-Blackwell.
Poitout-Belissent FM, McCartney JE. 2010. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. 6th
ed. In Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ, editor. Iowa (US): Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Reinke JM, Sorg H. 2012. Wound repair and regeneration. Eur Surg Res.
49(1):35-43.doi:10.1159/000339613.
Rodrigues HG, Vinolo MAR, Magdalon J, Vitzel K, Nachbar RT, Pessoa AFM,
Santos MF, Hatanaka E, Calder PC, Curi R. 2012. Oral administration of oleic
or linoleic acid accelerates the inflammatory phase of wound healing. J Invest
Dermatol. 132:208-215.doi:10.1038/jid.2011.265.
Seifert AW, Monaghan JR, Voss SR, Maden M. 2012. Skin regeneration in adult
axolotls: a blueprint for scar-free healing in vertebrates. PLoS ONE.
7(4):1.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032875.
Shin SJ, Han DH, Song H, Jang YJ, Park DH, Park MC. 2014. Continuous highpressure negative suction drain: new powerful tool for closed wound
management: clinical experience.
J Craniofac Surg. 25(4):14271431.doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000000575.
Solomon AE, Benjamin OE, Obolo D. 2015. Studies on the relationships between
leucocytosis and haematocrit. Adv Life Sci Technol. 29(1):17-22.
14
Stella J, Croney C, Buffington T. 2013. Effects of stressors on the behaviour and
physiology of domestic cats. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 143(2-4):157-163
Stockham SL, Scott MA. 2002. Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology.
Iowa (US): Blackwell Publishing.
Vaduganathan M, Greene SJ, Butler J, Sabbah HN, Shantsila E, Lip GYH,
Gheorghiade M. 2012. The immunological axis in heart failure: importance of
the leukocyte differential. Heart Fail Rev. 18:835-45.doi:10.1007/s10741-0129352-9.
Valenciano AC, Decker LS, Cowell RL. 2010. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology.
6th ed. In Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ, editor. Iowa (US): Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Wang X, Yu M, Zhu W, Bao T, Zhu L, Zhao W, Zhao F, Wang H. 2013.
Adenovirus-mediated expression of keratinocyte growth factor promotes
secondary flap necrotic wound healing in an extended animal model. Aesth
Plast Surg. 37(1):1023-1033.doi:10.1007/s00266-013-0200-7.
Worm M, Patel D, Creticos PS. 2013. Cat peptide antigen desensitisation for
treating cat allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs.
22(10):1347-57.DOI:10.1517/13543784.2013.827661
Young KM, Meadows RL. 2010. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. 6th ed. In
Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ, editor. Iowa (US): Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
15
BIOGRAPHY
Su-Szien was born on September 24th, 1993 and raised in Penang, Malaysia.
She is the youngest child of three siblings of Lim Swee Guan and Ng Yoon Land.
She attended St. Marguerite’s Convent high school in 2006 and graduated in
2010. She continued her Pre-University programme at President College Kuala
Lumpur and furthered her tertiary education at the Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University. During her university years, she joined
various organizations including Persatuan Kebangsaan Pelajar-Pelajar Mahasiswa
di Indonesia (PKPMI) and Keluarga Mahasiwa Buddhis IPB (KMB) as members
(2011-2015). She was also active in the faculty’s student organisation, Himpunan
Profesi Hewan Kesayangan dan Satwa Akuatik Eksotik (HIMPRO HKSA) (20122015). She wants to specialise and broaden her knowledge in surgery of pet
animals.