The Analysis Of Fatty Acid Components In The Seeds Of Swietenia Mahogany Jacq
Jurnal Sains Kimia Vol. 7, No.1, 2003: 26-27
THE ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACID COMPONENTS IN THE SEEDS OF SWIETENIA MAHOGANY JACQ
Harlem Marpaung Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Sumatera Utara Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Kampus USU Medan 20155
Abstract The analysis of fatty acid components in the seeds of Swietenia mahogany JACQ has been carried out
using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique (GC-MS). The results of analysis show the fatty acid components of the oil, are methyl palmitate (18,50%), methyl linoleate (30,55%), methyl oleate (30,66%), methyl stearate (17,42%), methyl arachidate (2,3%), and methyl behenate(0,54%).
Keyword : fatty acid, Swietenia mahogany JACQ and GC-MS.
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The seeds of Swietenia mahogany JAQC are used for treatment of hypertension, malaria and flatulence as a traditional medicine in Indonesia (Syamsuhidayat, S. S, Hutapea, J. R, 1991) the chemical investigation of the seeds has been carried out by Kodata (1990) who reported the isolation and structure elucidation of new tetranortriterpenoids. Among these, several compounds were found to be biologically active. In addition to these new compounds it was found an oil in the extract of the seeds which its fatty acid composition unknown.
The main objective of this study is to determine fatty acid composition of the oil with GC-MS.
Seeds of mahogany were collected and dried. All Chemicals used were analytical or chromatography grade obtained from Merck or Ayax Chemicals Ltd.
Methanolic potassium hyroxide was made by dissolving 11,2 g of potassium hydroxide in 100 ml of methanol containing not more than 0,5 % (m/m) of water (Paquot, C., and Hautfenne, A., 1987).
GC-MS An Hp 5980 A Series II gas
chromatograph fitted with a capillary column was connected directly to an HP 5970 mass selective detector. The GC equipped with a SE-0 Capillary column and the GC oven was programmed from 50oC to 100oC at 4oC/min and from 150oC-280oC at 8oC/min. The carrier gas was hellium at a pressure of 10
26
The Analysis of Fatty Acid Components In The Seeds (Harlem Marpaung)
psi. Injection volume was 0,2 µL. The MS ion source was 70 eV.
EXTRACTION
One kilogram of the seeds cotyledon part was extracted with 600 ml of ether three times (one day each) at room temperature as descrided by Kodata (2). The combined ether extracts were concentrated on a water bath and were filtered to separate a crystallive substance. The ethereal filtrate was left one day and then were filtered again to separate an amorphous precipitate.
Then, the mother liquor was consentrated to give a yellow oily residue (ca. 54 g). There grams of this oil was furthe passed through a silica column and the column was eluted with
benzene. The elute was collected and evaporated to give and oil (ca. 2g).
The esterification was carried out according to standart methods (Porim, 1983) 0,3 g of the oil mixed with 10 ml of heptana in a test tube. Then, 0,5 ml of methanolic potassium was added and the contents of tube was mixed until the solution becomes clear. This take about 20 seconds, Almost inmediately this solution becomes turbid due to the separation of glycerol which settle quickly. Then, the upper layer containing the methyl ester was decanted, and 0,2 µL of the methyl ester was injected into GC-MS.
RESULTS AND DISCUCCION
The retention time showed in table 1:
Table 1 : Retension Times anf Areas of Peaks of TIC Chromatogram of Methyl Esters
Ret Time 35.309 37.797 38.581 38.938 39.329 41.075 41.194 41.475 43.674 45.715
Type PV PV PV BV PV PV VV VV VV PB
Area 549108633 5589355 5245903 304232525 34294551 503261657 504551741 2870027821 38280267 8585962
Hight 5965590 176796 210798 7527625 139643 7337402 9028681 6935861 1397474 306137
Area (%) 9.32 0.09 0.09 5.17 0.06 8.54 8.57 4.87 0.65 0.15
Ratio (%) 23.29 0.24 0.22 12.90 0.15 21.34 21.40 12.17 1.62 0.36
Tabel 2. Methyl Ester of fatty acid components of the oil.
Ester
Methyl Palmitic Methyl Linoleic Methyl Oleic Methyl Steareic Methyl Arakideic Methyl Behenat
Retension time (min)
38,9 41,1 41,2 41,5 43,7 45,7
Percentage (%)
18,50 30,55 30,66 17,42 2,33 0,54
it can be seen the component of the oil seeds are methyl palmitate (18,50%), methyl linoleate (30,55%), methyl oleate (30,66%), methyl stearate (17,42%), methyl arachidate (2,33 %), and methyl behenate (0,54%).
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REFERENCES
Syamsuhidayat, S. S, Hutapea, J. R, 1991, Indonesian Medicinal Plants Inventory I. Health Departement RI, Health Research and Development Board, Jakarta, pp 554 – 555.
Kodata, S, L. Marpaung, Kikuchi. T., and Ekimoto, H., 1990, Constituents of Seeds of Swietenia Mahogani JAQC I Chem. Pharm. Bull. ,38(3) 639-651.
Paquot, C., and Hautfenne, A., 1987, Standard Methods for the analysis of Oils, Fat and Derivatives, 7 th Revised and Enlarged Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford-London-Edinburgh.
Porim, 1983, Porim test methods for Palm Oils and Palm Oil Products; Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
Christian, G., 1984, Analytical Chemistry, 5th ed, John Wiley & Sons.
Jurnal Sains Kimia Vol. 7, No.1, 2003: 26-27
28
THE ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACID COMPONENTS IN THE SEEDS OF SWIETENIA MAHOGANY JACQ
Harlem Marpaung Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Sumatera Utara Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Kampus USU Medan 20155
Abstract The analysis of fatty acid components in the seeds of Swietenia mahogany JACQ has been carried out
using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique (GC-MS). The results of analysis show the fatty acid components of the oil, are methyl palmitate (18,50%), methyl linoleate (30,55%), methyl oleate (30,66%), methyl stearate (17,42%), methyl arachidate (2,3%), and methyl behenate(0,54%).
Keyword : fatty acid, Swietenia mahogany JACQ and GC-MS.
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The seeds of Swietenia mahogany JAQC are used for treatment of hypertension, malaria and flatulence as a traditional medicine in Indonesia (Syamsuhidayat, S. S, Hutapea, J. R, 1991) the chemical investigation of the seeds has been carried out by Kodata (1990) who reported the isolation and structure elucidation of new tetranortriterpenoids. Among these, several compounds were found to be biologically active. In addition to these new compounds it was found an oil in the extract of the seeds which its fatty acid composition unknown.
The main objective of this study is to determine fatty acid composition of the oil with GC-MS.
Seeds of mahogany were collected and dried. All Chemicals used were analytical or chromatography grade obtained from Merck or Ayax Chemicals Ltd.
Methanolic potassium hyroxide was made by dissolving 11,2 g of potassium hydroxide in 100 ml of methanol containing not more than 0,5 % (m/m) of water (Paquot, C., and Hautfenne, A., 1987).
GC-MS An Hp 5980 A Series II gas
chromatograph fitted with a capillary column was connected directly to an HP 5970 mass selective detector. The GC equipped with a SE-0 Capillary column and the GC oven was programmed from 50oC to 100oC at 4oC/min and from 150oC-280oC at 8oC/min. The carrier gas was hellium at a pressure of 10
26
The Analysis of Fatty Acid Components In The Seeds (Harlem Marpaung)
psi. Injection volume was 0,2 µL. The MS ion source was 70 eV.
EXTRACTION
One kilogram of the seeds cotyledon part was extracted with 600 ml of ether three times (one day each) at room temperature as descrided by Kodata (2). The combined ether extracts were concentrated on a water bath and were filtered to separate a crystallive substance. The ethereal filtrate was left one day and then were filtered again to separate an amorphous precipitate.
Then, the mother liquor was consentrated to give a yellow oily residue (ca. 54 g). There grams of this oil was furthe passed through a silica column and the column was eluted with
benzene. The elute was collected and evaporated to give and oil (ca. 2g).
The esterification was carried out according to standart methods (Porim, 1983) 0,3 g of the oil mixed with 10 ml of heptana in a test tube. Then, 0,5 ml of methanolic potassium was added and the contents of tube was mixed until the solution becomes clear. This take about 20 seconds, Almost inmediately this solution becomes turbid due to the separation of glycerol which settle quickly. Then, the upper layer containing the methyl ester was decanted, and 0,2 µL of the methyl ester was injected into GC-MS.
RESULTS AND DISCUCCION
The retention time showed in table 1:
Table 1 : Retension Times anf Areas of Peaks of TIC Chromatogram of Methyl Esters
Ret Time 35.309 37.797 38.581 38.938 39.329 41.075 41.194 41.475 43.674 45.715
Type PV PV PV BV PV PV VV VV VV PB
Area 549108633 5589355 5245903 304232525 34294551 503261657 504551741 2870027821 38280267 8585962
Hight 5965590 176796 210798 7527625 139643 7337402 9028681 6935861 1397474 306137
Area (%) 9.32 0.09 0.09 5.17 0.06 8.54 8.57 4.87 0.65 0.15
Ratio (%) 23.29 0.24 0.22 12.90 0.15 21.34 21.40 12.17 1.62 0.36
Tabel 2. Methyl Ester of fatty acid components of the oil.
Ester
Methyl Palmitic Methyl Linoleic Methyl Oleic Methyl Steareic Methyl Arakideic Methyl Behenat
Retension time (min)
38,9 41,1 41,2 41,5 43,7 45,7
Percentage (%)
18,50 30,55 30,66 17,42 2,33 0,54
it can be seen the component of the oil seeds are methyl palmitate (18,50%), methyl linoleate (30,55%), methyl oleate (30,66%), methyl stearate (17,42%), methyl arachidate (2,33 %), and methyl behenate (0,54%).
27
REFERENCES
Syamsuhidayat, S. S, Hutapea, J. R, 1991, Indonesian Medicinal Plants Inventory I. Health Departement RI, Health Research and Development Board, Jakarta, pp 554 – 555.
Kodata, S, L. Marpaung, Kikuchi. T., and Ekimoto, H., 1990, Constituents of Seeds of Swietenia Mahogani JAQC I Chem. Pharm. Bull. ,38(3) 639-651.
Paquot, C., and Hautfenne, A., 1987, Standard Methods for the analysis of Oils, Fat and Derivatives, 7 th Revised and Enlarged Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford-London-Edinburgh.
Porim, 1983, Porim test methods for Palm Oils and Palm Oil Products; Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
Christian, G., 1984, Analytical Chemistry, 5th ed, John Wiley & Sons.
Jurnal Sains Kimia Vol. 7, No.1, 2003: 26-27
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