The Analysis of Conjunction Used in teh Novel Eleventh Hour

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THE ANALYSIS OF CONJUNCTION

USED IN THE NOVEL ELEVENTH HOUR

A PAPER

BY

DESSY PURNAMA WATI TAMPUBOLON

REG. NO. 092202009

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA

FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDIES

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

MEDAN


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It has been proved by Supervisor,

NIP. 19571117 198303 2 002 Dr.Deliana, M.Hum

Submitted to Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English

Approved by

Head of Diploma III English Study Program,

NIP. 19521126198112 1 001 Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A.

Approved by the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatra


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Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the D-III Examination of the Diploma III English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera.

The examination is held on June 2011

Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera Dean,

NIP. 19511013197603 1 001 Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A.

Board of Examiners Signature

1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP) 2. Dr. Deliana, M.Hum (Supervisor) 3. Dra. Hartisari, M.A (Reader)


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AUTHOR'S DECLARATION

I, DESSY PURNAMA WATI TAMPUBOLON, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed : ...………. Date : 2012


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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : DESSY PURNAMA WATI TAMPUBOLON

Title of Paper : The Analysis of Conjunction Used In The Novel Eleventh Hour

Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Department Faculty of Letters USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed : ….……….. Date : 2012


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ABSTRAK

Banyak aspek yang dapat di bahas dalam tata bahasa inggris dan salah satunya adalah kata penghubung. Kalimat ada yang menggunakan kata penghubung ada juga yang tidak. Kata penghubung fungsinya dipakai untuk menyambung atau menghubungkan dua kata atau kalimat menjadi satu kalimat yang lengkap. Kata penghubung dapat di klasifikasikan menjadi dua yaitu coordinating conjunction dan subordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunction digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua kalimat yang setara, yang termasuk kedalamnya adalah and, but, or, yet, furthermore, besides, again dan similar.

Subordinating conjunction digunakan untuk menghubungkan kalimat yang tidak setara, subordinating conjunction dapat di klasifikasikan berdasarkan fungsinya yaitu : sebab (as, because, for, whereas, wherefore), perbandingan(as…as, as well as, rather….than),

mengalah (although, even though, though, however, nevertheless), syarat (if, unless, whether,as if), tujuan (that, in order to, so that, lest), waktu (while, as, as soon as, since, before, after, as long as, whenever, until, when). Kertas karya ini mendeskripsikan secara singkat jenis-jenis kata penghubung dan contoh-contohnya yang di temukan pada novel Eleventh Hour. Pembahasan dalam kertas karya ini berpedoman pada beberapa buku tata bahasa inggris sebagai referensi yang dapat mendukung idea tau pendapat saya tentang topic ini. Setelah membaca dan mentabulasikan jenis kata penghubung yang terdapat dalam novel Eleventh Hour, maka di temukan bahwa kata penghubung yang paling dominan digunakan adalah kata penghubung yang menunjukkan hubungan dua kalimat yang setara yang tidak tergantung pada kalimat berikutnya ataupun kalimat lainnya, kemudian diikuti kata penghubung yang menunjukkan hubungan antara pokok kalimat dan anak kalimat, sedangkan kata penghubung yang menunjukkan hubungan dua satuan bahasa yang setara yaitu kata dengan kata, frasa dengan frasa, klausa dengan klausa, serta kalimat dengan kalimat.


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ABSTRACT

Many aspects of language that can studied in English Grammar and one of them are conjunctions. There are also sentences that use conjunction have also not. Conjunction function is used to link or combine one sentence or two sentence into one complete sentence. Conjunction can be classified into two general categories namely coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunction used to connect two sentences of equal rank. Belonging to it are and, but, yet, or, furthermore, besides, again, and similar. Subordinating conjunction used to connect sentences of unequal rank. Subordinating conjunction can be classified by function namely: reason (as, because, for, whereas, wherefore), comparation (as….as, as well as, rather…than, than), concession (although, though, even though, however, nevertheless), condition (if, unless, whether, as if), purpose (that, in order to, so that, lest), time (while, as soon as, since, before, after, as long as, whenever, until, when), manner (how, as, as far as, according). This paper describes briefly the work of other types of connecting words and examples are found in the Novel Eleventh Hour.The discussion in the paper work is guided by several English Grammar books as a reference that could support my idea or opinion in this topic. After reading, tabulating types of conjunction contained in the novel Eleventh Hour, it is found that conjunctions of the most dominant use is connecting words that show the relationship of two level sentence is a sentence that one does not depend on the next sentence or any other, then followed by connecting words that show relationship between the complete sentence and fragment, while the connecting words that show relationship between two sets of language are equal is the word with the word, phrase by phrase, clause by clause, and sentences by sentences just a little in the novel.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bismillahirrahmaanirrahiim.

First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God, Allah SWT for blessing and giving me health, strength and ease to accomplish this paper as one of the requirements to get Diploma III certificate from English Department Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara.

Then, I would like to express a deep gratitude, love, and appreciation to:

Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, MA as the Head of English Diploma Study Program, who gives me a lot of knowledge.

Dr. Deliana, M.Hum as my supervisor. Thank you for the valuable time in giving the correction and constructive critics in completing this paper.

Thanks to my reader, Dra. Hartisari, M.A who has read my paper and correct it,

Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A., as the Dean of Faculty of Letters, University of Sumatera Utara. All lecturers in English Diploma Study Program for giving me advices and knowledges. Greatest thanks are fully dedicated to my dearest parents, SM. Tampubolon and CH.Br. Marpaung, Who have patiently given moral, spiritual, and financial support, everlasting love and their prayers, together with my beloved sisters: C. Br Tampubolon S.S, my brother R. Tampubolon ,ST, Mangasih Tampubolon ,S.E, and my little brother and my little sister Daniel Tampubolon and Dwita Febryani Tampubolon for all unending support and prayer.

Thanks to my grandfather and grandmother. SY. Marpaung and R. Br.Silalahi thankyou very much for your finance and prays, togther with my uncles are Zulkfli Marpaung and Andika Ganda Sari Marpaung. Thank you for your support, attention, and advice.


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Thanks for all my techers in SMA N 1 TORGAMBA, especially to W. Marpaung, S.Pd, and E.Br. Panggabaean, A.md, Thank you for your attention and support.

Thanks to all my sisters in boarding house Debora HF. Br Hutagalung S.Sos, Hanna Br. Hutagalung S.Pd, Tetty Br. Lumbangaol, Rodearni Br. Sitopu A.md, Vica Br. Saragih S.S. Lusiana, Lusiani br. Sianipar Thanks for your support, time, and love.

Thanks to all my friend from Senior High School Santi Br. Saragih, yu agus lestari, Bungaria Sipayung, Irwanto Pardomuan Hasibuan, Bonni Parican Nababan, Cristi alianda Sianipar (tondi), and small group in SAMAWA. Thank you very much for your support.

My best friend Tiur Cross (tukek), Jenni .P. Nababan (sibere), Juita Ulandari Br. Saragih (Ucil), Mentari fitri annisa, nisa anjelina Br. Perangin-angin, Riski Adi Perdamaian Mendofra ( My Crab), Andoz Sinaga, Andrey Siburian, thanks you for your supports, advice, love and time. I will bi miss our time together, I love you all.

My lovely friends in Diploma III English study program, Farah Bella Allyza, Sulaiman Rambe, Rajendra Purba, Usman Halomoan Ritonga, Fermeni Br. Ginting, Hernida Br. Siregar, Bungaran Petra, Susi susanti, Novita Van CS, primadita Manurung, Lia Malemta, Thanks for your support.

My Diploma III English study program’s organization, SOLIDAS. Thanks for all my brothers and my sisters.

Thnk you for all Junior Diploma III English stuy progrm’s. Thanks for your support and paraise.


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Thank you for everybody who has been mentioned, just be sure that all of you will be remembered forever.

Medan, 2012

The writer,

Reg. No. 092202009


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ……….i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ………ii

ABSTRACT ………iii

ABSTRAK ………iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……….v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ………vii

1. INTRODUCTION………...1

1.1 The Background of the Study………...1

1.2 The Problem of the Study……...……….………..2

1.3 The Scope of the Study………….……….2

1.4 The Purpose of the Study………..……….2

1.5 The Reason for Choosing the Topic………...2

1.6 The Method of the Study………...3

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………4

2.1 The Concept of Conjunctions……….4

2.2 Kinds of Conjunctions………...4

2.2.1 Coordinating Conjunctions……….4

2.2.2 Correlative Conjunctions………7

2.2.3 Subordinating Conjunctions………...8

2.3 The Difference Between Coordination and Subordination…………...11

3. THE ANALYSIS...12

3.1 Coordinating Conjunctions...12

3.2 Correlative Conjunctions...16

3.3 Subordinating Conjunctions...17

4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION...28

4.1 Conclusions...28

4.2 Suggestions...29

REFERENCES……….30


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ABSTRAK

Banyak aspek yang dapat di bahas dalam tata bahasa inggris dan salah satunya adalah kata penghubung. Kalimat ada yang menggunakan kata penghubung ada juga yang tidak. Kata penghubung fungsinya dipakai untuk menyambung atau menghubungkan dua kata atau kalimat menjadi satu kalimat yang lengkap. Kata penghubung dapat di klasifikasikan menjadi dua yaitu coordinating conjunction dan subordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunction digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua kalimat yang setara, yang termasuk kedalamnya adalah and, but, or, yet, furthermore, besides, again dan similar.

Subordinating conjunction digunakan untuk menghubungkan kalimat yang tidak setara, subordinating conjunction dapat di klasifikasikan berdasarkan fungsinya yaitu : sebab (as, because, for, whereas, wherefore), perbandingan(as…as, as well as, rather….than),

mengalah (although, even though, though, however, nevertheless), syarat (if, unless, whether,as if), tujuan (that, in order to, so that, lest), waktu (while, as, as soon as, since, before, after, as long as, whenever, until, when). Kertas karya ini mendeskripsikan secara singkat jenis-jenis kata penghubung dan contoh-contohnya yang di temukan pada novel Eleventh Hour. Pembahasan dalam kertas karya ini berpedoman pada beberapa buku tata bahasa inggris sebagai referensi yang dapat mendukung idea tau pendapat saya tentang topic ini. Setelah membaca dan mentabulasikan jenis kata penghubung yang terdapat dalam novel Eleventh Hour, maka di temukan bahwa kata penghubung yang paling dominan digunakan adalah kata penghubung yang menunjukkan hubungan dua kalimat yang setara yang tidak tergantung pada kalimat berikutnya ataupun kalimat lainnya, kemudian diikuti kata penghubung yang menunjukkan hubungan antara pokok kalimat dan anak kalimat, sedangkan kata penghubung yang menunjukkan hubungan dua satuan bahasa yang setara yaitu kata dengan kata, frasa dengan frasa, klausa dengan klausa, serta kalimat dengan kalimat.


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ABSTRACT

Many aspects of language that can studied in English Grammar and one of them are conjunctions. There are also sentences that use conjunction have also not. Conjunction function is used to link or combine one sentence or two sentence into one complete sentence. Conjunction can be classified into two general categories namely coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunction used to connect two sentences of equal rank. Belonging to it are and, but, yet, or, furthermore, besides, again, and similar. Subordinating conjunction used to connect sentences of unequal rank. Subordinating conjunction can be classified by function namely: reason (as, because, for, whereas, wherefore), comparation (as….as, as well as, rather…than, than), concession (although, though, even though, however, nevertheless), condition (if, unless, whether, as if), purpose (that, in order to, so that, lest), time (while, as soon as, since, before, after, as long as, whenever, until, when), manner (how, as, as far as, according). This paper describes briefly the work of other types of connecting words and examples are found in the Novel Eleventh Hour.The discussion in the paper work is guided by several English Grammar books as a reference that could support my idea or opinion in this topic. After reading, tabulating types of conjunction contained in the novel Eleventh Hour, it is found that conjunctions of the most dominant use is connecting words that show the relationship of two level sentence is a sentence that one does not depend on the next sentence or any other, then followed by connecting words that show relationship between the complete sentence and fragment, while the connecting words that show relationship between two sets of language are equal is the word with the word, phrase by phrase, clause by clause, and sentences by sentences just a little in the novel.


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1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of the Study

Language is a communication tool for people. By using language people can inform many things and express what they want to show of their feeling. Languages are different between one region with another, each of them is different in grammar, not only in writing but also in speaking.

Rudyanto (2011:68) said, “Conjunctions are words how to connect one word to other word. Conjunctions have three kinds such as coordinating conjunction, correlative conjunction, and subordinating conjunction. “

Conjunctions is one word that can to connect one word to other word or sentences to other sentence. Conjunctions can we find in article, magazine,and other.

This is a mystery novel involving the (apparently) recurring characters of Dillon and Sherlock Sarvick. A string of murders unites FBI agent Dane Carver with the local police of San Fransisco and a homeless woman, with whom Carver falls in love, of course. The homeless woman’s hidden past and Carver’s present combined serve to tell the story of several serial killers in California. In this novel also story about Michael Joseph is viciously murderedin San Fransisco.

The writer choose the novel of Eleventh Hour because in this novel have many

conjunctions from chapter to chapter and the writer has read the novel and know about the story in the novel of Eleventh Hour.

In this paper the write will analyze about novel of Eleventh Hour who written by Catherine Coulter who is an American author famous and has make many novels. The story about the


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novel of Eleventh Hour is interesting to be analyzed because the story about a murdered. Besides that, the writer wants to know how often the kinds of conjunctions are used in the novel of Eleventh Hour.

1.2 The Problem of the study

The problems of the study are as follows:

1) What kind of conjunctions used in the Novel Eleventh Hour ?

2) What are the most dominant conjunctions found in the Novel Eleventh Hour?

1.3 The Scope of the Study

Learning English Grammar is not an easy things because English is not second language of Indonesian people. In order to make the learners not to be confused in learning this paper, the writer limits the study on conjunctions used in the novel.

1.4 The Purpose of the Study

1) To describe the kind of conjunctions used in the Novel Eleventh Hour. 2) To find out the most dominant conjunctions in the Novel Eleventh Hour.

1.5 The Reasons for Choosing the Topic

The writer choose the topics about conjunctions in this novel of Eleventh Hour because it is interesting to discusses.


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The writer used library research in writing this paper. The first step is the writer reads the novel to understand the story. Having understood the writer reads many books. The second step is sorting the data that have been connected, and the last step is analyzing the data.


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2.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 The Concept of Conjunctions

Rudyanto (2011:68) said, “ conjunctions are words how to connect one word to other word . Conjunctions have three kinds such as coordinating conjunction, correlative conjunction, and subordinating conjunction.

2.2 Kinds of Conjunctions

There are three kinds of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and subordinating conjunction.

2.2.1 Coordinating conjunctions Coordinating Conjunction

Rudyanto (2011:68) said, ”Coordinating conjunctions, also called coordinators, are conjunctions that join two or more items of equal syntactic importance, such as words, main clauses, or sentences.”

Example:

He plays squash and rugby Andre is small but strong.

You have to come on time or I will leave without you.


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The Functions of Coordinating Conjunctions

Pardiyono (2005:37) said, “Coordinating conjunctions work to connect subject, predicate,and object like adjective or noun. Among the coordinating conjunctions, the most common of course are and, but, and or. To show contrast, to link with any some choice.

The examples below by no means exhaust the possible meanings of these conjunctions: And

To suggest that one idea is chronoligicaly sequential to another: "They gamble, and they smoke." To suggest that one idea is the result of another: “Zack heard the weather report and promptly boarded up his house.”

To suggest a kind of “Comment” on the first clause: “ Charlie became addicted to gambling-and

that surprised no one who knew him.”

To suggest that one idea is in contrast to another (Frequently replaced by but in this usage): “Risky is brilliant and Zack has a pleasant personality.”

BUT

To suggest a contrast that is unexpected in light of the first clause, “Gerry lost a fortune in the stock market, but he still seems able to live quite comfortably.”

To connect two ideas with the meaning of “with the exception of” ( and then the second word takes over as subject): “ Everybody but Glin trying to out from the house.”


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OR

To suggest that only one possibility can be realized, excluding oneor the other. “ You may buy a newspaper or magazine.”

To suggest the inclusive combination of alternatives: “ are you going to the party, or will you stay home?”

To suggest a negative condition“ The New Hampshire state motto is the rather grim “ Live free

or die.”

To suggest a restatement or “ correction“ of the first part of the sentence: “ There are no rattlesnakes in this canyon, or so our guide tell us.”

To suggest a negative alternative without the use of an important (see use orand above

YET

): “They must approve his political style or they wouldn’t keep electing him mayor.”

But and yet show contrast. Yet is sometimes considered a conjunction adverb like however, rather than a coordinate conjunction: “Teddy is vegetarian,Yet she eats chicken.”

The Punctuation of Coordinating Conjunctions

Two patterns in writing use coordinating conjunction. Add commas when required. Pattern 1 – Connecting two main clauses

When you connect two main clauses with a coordinating conjunction, use a comma. The pattern looks like this:

Main clause +, coordinating conjunction + main clause Example:


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Pattern 2 – connecting two items

You can also use a coordinating conjunction to connect any two items. These items can be any grammatical unit except. The pattern looks like this:

Item + coordinating conjunction + item

Example:

My cat Gerry has too many fleas and too much hair. 2.2.2Correlative conjunctions

Wishon (1980:136) said, “Correlative conjunction may be used to join two basic sentence patterns or two parallel elements of any kind.”

Kinds of correlative conjunctions Either…..nor…

Example :Either you will go, or I will protest Neither…nor…

Example : Thirty years ago, people knew about neither spaceships nor astronauts. Both…and…

Example :Both my mother and my sister are like Twilight Not only…but also…

Example : She is not only beautiful, but she is also clever.

Observe these examples of correlative conjunctions used to join both sentence part and whole sentences. Note the inversion of word order in the last example.

Example:

Either you will confess, or I will complain. He failed not only chemistry but also physics.


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Both Erik and Julia are in love with my sister He is neither dependable nor trustworth 2.2.3 Subordinating conjunctions

Rudyanto (2011:68) said, ”A Subordinating Conjunction (sometimes called a dependent word or subordinator) comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or dependent) clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence. It also turns the clause into something that depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning.”

Common Subordinating Conjunctions

after although as as if as long as as though because before even if even though if if only in order that now that once rather than since so that than that though till unless until when whenever where whereas wherever while

Subordinating conjunctions can be classified basic their function , such as: Cause or reason (sebab, alasan).

Such as: as, because, for, since, whereas,wherefor.

Examples:

Caitlin couldn’t go to work today because her grandmother died


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Comparation (Perbandingan)

Such as : as…..as, as well as,rather…than, than.

Examples:

Fred is not as tall as his older brother, Justin This bag looks better than that one.

Conession (mengalah)

Such as: although, though, even though, however, nevertheless.

Examples:

He did not defend himself even though people gave many false accusations to him. Damien will never be a famous singer however hard her tries to fulfill his dreams. Condition (syarat)

Such as: if, unless, whether, as if, since.

Examples :

James is confused whether to study art in Paris or business in London. I will not tell you my secret unless you tell me yours.

Manner (cara)

Such as :how, as, as far as, according.

Examples:

The situation in Japan is still unstable, according to the news.

I still can’t believe how Dominic could get here in less than ten minutes. Purpose (tujuan, maksud)

Such as: that, in order to, so that, lest.


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Will is taking cooking lessons now so that he can be a chef.

John studies very hard in order to b be able to be able to win a scholarship. Time (waktu)

Such as: while, as, as soon as, since, before, after, as longas, whenever, until

Examples :

I will feel safe as long as you are here with me.

Brooklyn will not feel satisfied until she gets what she wants.

The Punctuation of Subordinating Conjunctions

When you attach a subordinate conjunctions in front of a main clause, use a comma, like this :

Subordinate conjunctions + main clause

Example:

Even though the broccoli was covered in cheddar cheese, Emily refused to eat it.

When you attach a subordinate conjunctions at the end a main clause, you will generally use

no punctuation, like this :

Main clause + subordinate clause

Example:

Tania did poorly on her history exam because her best friend Giselle insisted on gossiping during their study session the night before.


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The Difference Between Coordination and Subordination

A coordinating conjunction can join two main clauses that a writer wants to emphasize equally. The pattern for coordination looks like this :main clause + , coordinating conjunction + main clause.

Subordination, however, emphasizes the idea in the main clause more than the one in subordinate clause, Generally, the pattern look like this:

Main clause + subordinate clause Subordinate clause + main clause


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3.

THE ANALYSIS

In this chapter the writer will analyze the conjunctions which are found in Eleventh Hour novel. The writer finds out that there are three kinds of conjunctions namely: coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and subordinating conjunctions.

3.1 Coordinating Conjunctions

Rudyanto (2011:68) said, “ coordinating conjuctions also called coordinators are conjunction that join two or more items of equal syntactic importance, such as words, main clauses, or sentences”.The most common used of coordinating conjunction are and, but, or, and

yet.

And

There are four functions of coordinating conjunction ‘and’. The first one is one idea is chronologically squantial to another. The second is one idea is the result of another. The third is a kind of comment of the first clause. The fourth is one idea is in contrast in another.

One idea is chronologically squantial to another Examples:

With not single long leg showing, and not a single long red nail

He was looking at one of the computer screens, and humming the theme from gone with the wind.

No, eight shows were shot last summer, and into early fall.

Archbishop Lugano and Bishop Koshlap both stopped and spoke to him, each of them placing his hand on Dane’s shoulder to give comfort, dane supposed

He nodded, took another bite of his sandwich, watched her eat one more fry, sigh, and push the plate away.


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All sentences above show that the using of coordinating conjunction ‘and´is one idea is chronologically squantial to another.

One idea is the result of another Examples:

His cell phone rang and he excused himself. She started crying and then she hang up.

He said, pulled off another paper towel and joined her.

“No stay seated for a minute, Dane and we’ll make some plans.

All sentences above show that the using of coordinating conjunction ‘and´is the idea is the result of another.

One idea is a kind of comment on the first clause. Examples:

I’ve thinking there murders in San Francisco-and no tie-in among the victims that anyone can find.

She is beautiful, and most important, the camera loves her face.

The sentences above show that the using of coordinating conjunction ‘and´is kind of common on the first clause.

One idea is in contrast to another Examples:

No clear, and present danger to her.

The sentences above above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘and´is the idea is in contrast to another.


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But

There are three functions of coordinating conjunction ‘but’. The first one is a contrast that is unexpected in light of the first clause. The second is to connect two ideas with the meaning. The third is to show contrast.

A contrast that is unexpected in light of the first clause Examples:

Delion made a grab for her, but missed.

I’ll certainly try, but I really don’t know anything.

The sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘but´is the idea a contrast that is unexpected in light of the first clause.

To connect two ideas with the meaning Examples:

I took time, so much precious time, but finally Sherlock was right next to Nick. All people but Savich trying to out from the build.

I was thinking about letting you have a got at Milton, but he knew you.

All sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘but´is to connect two ideas with the meaning.

To show contrast Examples:

He was older, but not old.

Well, not in all things, but in many.


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All sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘but´is to show contrast.

Or

There are three function of coordinating conjunction ‘or’. The first is one possibility can be realized. The second is the inclusive combination of alternatives. The third is a negative alternative without the use an important.

One possibility can be realized. Examples:

No, leave it done or I’ll disappear. There’ll be a photo or a video?

Wish there was some popcorn or something.

All sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘or´is one possibility can be realized.

The inclusive combination of alternative. Examples:

There was planning here, his selection of my brother, or maybe any priest would do.

Nick said,”how do they select which episode is played each week? Or are they aired in a specific sequence.

All sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘or´is the inclusive combination of alternative.

A negative alternative without the use of an important. Examples:


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Do you want to stay in the City or go to your sister’s? He wasn’t wearing a hat or anything.

You can’t throw the eight ball at her or I’ll have to arrest you.

All sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘or´is a negative alternative without the use of an important.

Yet

There is only one function of coordinating conjunction ‘yet’ that is as an adverb. As an adverb

Examples:

It hadn’t really sunk in yet, which was probably a blessing. The first how murders were detailed yet again.

She lightly slapped the old man’s cheeks, once, twice, yet again.

All sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘yet´is a an adverb. 3.2 Correlative Conjunctions

Wishon (1980:136) said, “A correlative conjunction used to join two basic sentence patterns or two parallel elements of any kind. Kinds of correlative conjunctions are: either…or…, neither…nor…, both…and…, not only…but also…

Either…or…

The function of correlative conjunction ‘either…or…’ is to join two basic sentence. Examples:

He either knew who she was or he found out.


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The sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘either…or…is to join two basic sentence.

Neither …nor…

The function of correlative conjunction ‘neither…or…’ is to join two basic sentence. Examples:

That is neither here nor there whole things best forgotten.

The example above show that the using of correlative conjunction ‘neither…nor…’ is to join two basic sentence.

3.3 Subordinating Conjunctions

Rudyanto (2011:68) said, “ a subordinating conjunction (sometimes called a dependent word or subordinator) comes at the beginning of a subordinate (or dependent) clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence. It also turns the clause into something that depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning. There are seven types of subordinating conjunction namely: cause or reason, comparison, concession, condition, manner, purpose, and time.

Cause or reason

There are six kinds of cause such as: as, because, for, since, whereas, wherefore. Because

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘but’ is to show cause or reason. Examples:

She was here because Father Michael Joseph had begged her to come, had begged her to let him help he


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You can catch some really big stars over there because the place is so opulent

He lowered the gun, thoughtful now because Father Michael Joseph had slumped back against the wooden confessional wall.

I called you because I knew you’d want to hear what was going on.

Yeah, that’s it. Also Zopp told us it was weird because it’s like the same gun the Zodiac killer used back in the late six.

At Nick’s nod, because she really couldn’t speak. That’s good, because I bite back.

The heavens should be weeping, Father Binney had said, because Father Michael Joseph had been so cruelly, so madly, slain.

All sentences above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘because’ is to show cause.

As

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘as’ is to show cause or reason. Example:

As the rubber was finally stripped away the God-awful screeching of steel against filled the air.

The sentence above show that the using coordinating conjunction ‘as’ is to show cause. Comparison

There are four kind of comparison namely as…as…, as well as, rather…than, than. As…as…

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘as…as…’ is to show comparison. Examples:


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Even as delicate as I am, I can sure see why. He simply held on as tightly as he could. She went nearly as white as his shirt.

The land looked wild, all thick fire the forest as far as she could she. I honestly believe you should take yourself as far away as possible. The old man, now as sharp as any of them.

His face as white as his beautifully laundry shirt.

All the sentence above that the using subordinating conjunction ‘as…as…’ is to show comparison.

Than

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘as…as…’ is to show comparison. Examples: It’s hardly worse than what Milton’s bullet did to your head.

For more than thirty years you’ve thumbed your nose at everybody. You look better today than you did yesterday.

Dane said,” he killed two more people in the show than he did in San Francisco.

All the sentence above that the using subordinating conjunction ‘than’ to show comparison.

Concession

There are five kind of concession, namely: although, though, even though, however, nevertheless.

Although

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘although is to show concession . Examples:


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She’d been gone three years, and he’d divorced her, although she’d never responded. You need help, although I doubt anyone could help the sickness in you.

The sentences above that the using of subordinating conjunction ‘although’ is to show concession.

Though

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘though’ is to show concession . Examples:

First, though she wanted to see what was behind that hidden panel. The fact was, though, he was dying.

Actually, though this commissary doesn’t compare to the one over at Universal.

All the sentences above that the using subordinating conjunction ‘though’ is to show concession.

Even though

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘ even though’ is to show concession Examples:

Oh, you look so much like him, it’s a shock even though I’ve seen a picture with two of you. Dane asked to look through his brother’s room even though Delion had already searched it. She thought in that moment that even though he wanted her to talk to him.

Listen no, even though the first two episodes are Weldon’s.

All the sentences above that the using of subordinating conjunction ‘even though’ is to show concession.


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Condition

There are five kinds of condition namely : if, unless, whether, as if. If

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘ if’ is to show condition. Examples:

he raised her head, do you mind if I use your bathroom now? Now, if that sample’s got DNA in it, it’s our first real break. its better if you have some due what motivates people around here.

No way to now if it was from the same gun that killed Father Michael Joseph. Dane couldn’t tell if he was just like the man Nick had originally described.

She wondered if anyone would be willing to take the time even the man had already.

Maybe she’d ask Captain De Loach, if he had any pictures of his only son stashed somewhere. He told me in this cold, dead voice exactly what he would do to me if I said anything to anyone. They would see if any were ever answered.

I’ve wondered if your mother really died accidentally? He didn’t know if he could bear it.

All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction “if’ is to show condition.

As if

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘as if’ is to show condition. Examples:

All over that white were dark stains, as if someone had dipped a hard into a paint. I made him feel as if he was failing in his duty.


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As if ready to belt him.

As if she’d been hungry for too long.

All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘as if’ is to show condition.

Manner

There are four kind of manner namely how, as, as far as, according. How

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘how’ is to show manner. Examples:

Nick said, “ how do they select which episode is played each week? Nick said,” how long has Mr. Wolfinger been here?

how the president was dancing in there? She’d even learned how to operate a CB.

She wondered how it would be feel to have your own son trying to kill you. how’s this for a bit of luck? Our girl hitched a ride with a trucker.

Weldon, how did you get in here? There’s cops out there protecting me, lots of them. Look at this crowd, how are we ever going to find that gun?

how’d you find out it was Nick Jones?

All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘ how’ is to show manner.

As

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘as’ is to show manner. Examples:


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He said, things never go exactly as planned. As for the food poisoning.

She said as she opened the office door.

He watched smiling, as Dane turned looked at Nick then slowly brought her against him. Hey. Not that!” as he quickly turned to the side.

Nick said slowly as she handed Dare too pills and glass of water.

All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘as’ is to show manner.

Purpose

There are four kind of purpose in subordinating conjunction namely: that, in order to, so that, lest..

That

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘that’ is to show purpose. Examples:

Warning me that you are trying to kill me. I’d say that you’re an evil old man.

I don’t want to make things that easy for you Like the rest of the world, that you were derasted

All the sentences above that the using subordinating conjunction’that´ is to show purpose.

Time

There are ten kind of time in subordinating conjunction namely : since, while,as, as soon as, before, after, as long as, when, whenever, until.


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Since

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘since’ is to show time. Examples:

All right, since I’m still here, why don’t you tell me you side of it. Actually, since the entire living room.

It had been three days since the food poisoning.

since she had nothing left, since she had only her purse, it wasn’t hard to decide what to do. He’s known Weldon for some eight years, ever since he came.

All the sentences above show that the using of subordinating conjunction ‘since’ is to show time.

While

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘while’ is to show time. Examples:

He’d have to trust her to stay there in the hotel while he was out with Delion. He said very precisely, using his hands while he spoke to force eye contact. We’re gong to give you some antibiotics to take for a while.

Who told Savich that he’d had his eye on Dane Carver for a while. I got the letter just a little while ago.

Like I said, “she sure didn’t look homeless in the church so for a while there I wasn’t sure it was really her.

All the sentences above show that the using of subordinating conjunction ‘while’ is to show time.


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Before

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘before’ is to show time. Examples:

Dane caught her before she cracked her head on the edge of the desk behind her.

Do you know you’ve given something I’ve never had before in my life? “Of course he’d never seen a fed in this situation before.

I went hunting a lot with my father before hi died. before she left Chicago, she used her ATM cord.

Do you know you’ve given me something I’ve never had before in my life.

All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘before’ is to show time.

After

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘after’ is to show time. Examples:

So you came in after the man had already.

Saint Bartholomew’s was built in 1910, just four years after the earthquake.

I visited briefly with Father Birey this morning about eight o’clock, after the forensics team finally cleared the church for use again.

You go after that. Dane stamped after that.

after the tube came out, her throat felt like it was burning inside.


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out, means after show relationship of time. So, these the information use in one sentence.

All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘after’ is to show time.

Until

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘until’ is to show time. Examples:

Dane waited to say anything else until Delion was out of earshot. I’ll just wear these clothes until you can catch this guy.

He laughed until there was spittle on his mouth. She could wait until the stores opened.

I felt safe until this happened.

No one said a word until he got himself together again, drank some of his coffe,” I apologize. John wouldn’t believe me until I finally showed him photo.

Weldon told them he wouldn’t be at the nursing home until late afternoon. Not until the unimagined honor of September 11.

He waited until Father Michael Joseph looked toward him through the wire mesh.

All of the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘ until’ is to show time.

When

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘when’ is to show time. Examples:

When everyone else was already home asleep. Yes, I know Dane when did you last speak to him?


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He stuck out his hand when he saw Delion.

Nick said when she realized he wasn’t going to eat anymore. When saw him on the floor bleeding, I came to get you.

Did you see her when you ran out of saint Bartholomew’s, Mr Jones? God knows I read enough of her memos, when was volunteering.

All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘when” is to show time.


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4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION

4.1 Conclusions

Conjunction connect words or group and show how the words are related. The writer founds there are three types and functions of conjunction in novel Eleventh Hour, namely:

1. The most frequently used in novel Eleventh Hour are coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. The writer also found any some kinds of correlative conjunction used in novel Eleventh Hour.

2. The most common of coordinating conjunction are and, but, or, and yet. The most frequently used in the novel Eleventh Hour.

3. The kinds of correlative conjunctions are either…..or…, neither….nor…., both….and…., not only….but also…

4. Subordinating conjunction have many kinds, but the most frequently used in novel

Eleventh Hour are because, if, how, and until. The most rarely are when, after, before, while, that, as, as if, even though, although, though, than, as…as…, since. Never to used are as long as, as though, even if, in order that, now that, once, rather than, so that, till, unless, whenever, where, whereas, wherever.


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4.2 Suggestions

The writer hopes that this paper will make the readers know about conjunctions and kinds of conjunctions. She realizes that the writing of this paper is far from being perfect, because of that she hopes other person can discuss this subject more deeper. In addition she welcomes a constructive criticism, because she believes that it will give her more benefit in the feature.


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REFERENCES

Hadi, Sutrisno. 2004. Metodologi Research. Yogyakarta: Andi.

Hartanto, J& Koentjoro, S. 2009. ABC English Grammar. SURABAYA: Imakila.

Pardiyanto. 2005. Fokus Bahasa Inggris. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Rudyanto, Nina. 2011. Otodidak Belajar Grammar. Jakarta : PT. Buku Seru

Sembiring, Matius C.A. 2011. Buku Petunjuk Program D-III Study Bahasa Inggris. Medan: D-III Bahasa Inggris Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Semiawan. 2007. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: Gramedia Widia Sarana Indonesia.

Surakhmad, Winarno. 1980. Pengantar Penelitian Ilmiah. Bandung: Tarsito Wijaya, Hamid. 2003. Kamus Exclusive. Surabaya: Pustaka Agung Harapan. Wishon, E.G and Burks, J.M. 1980. Let’s Write English. USA: New York.


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APPENDICES

1) Summary of the Novel Eleventh Hour

This novel a mystery novel involving the (appereantly) recurring characters of Dillon and Sherlock Savich. A string of murders unites FBI agent Dane Carver with the local police of San Francisco and homeless woman, with whom Carver falls in love, of course. The Homeless woman’s hidden past and Carver’s present combined serve to tell the story of several serial killer’s in California.

Father Michael Joseph is killed gruesomely in the confenssional booth by a serial killer. The priest’s twin brother FBI special agent, Dane Carver is afriend and college of the husband and wife team of Dillon Savich and Lacey Sherlock, who are well known characters in Catherine Coulter’s FBI series. There are single witness to the murder, a homeless woman by the name “ Ncick” Jones, who is running away from her own brand of personal terror. Dane finds himself in the uniquely role of bodyguard and a romance develops between them.

2) Authobiography Author

Catherine Coulter is tha author of bestselling FBI suspense novel The Cove, The Maze,The Target, The Edge, Riptide and Hemlock Bay. She lives in Northern California. Write her at P.O. Box 17, Mill Valley, CA 94942


(1)

out, means after show relationship of time. So, these the information use in one sentence.

All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘after’ is to show time.

Until

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘until’ is to show time. Examples:

Dane waited to say anything else until Delion was out of earshot. I’ll just wear these clothes until you can catch this guy.

He laughed until there was spittle on his mouth. She could wait until the stores opened.

I felt safe until this happened.

No one said a word until he got himself together again, drank some of his coffe,” I apologize. John wouldn’t believe me until I finally showed him photo.

Weldon told them he wouldn’t be at the nursing home until late afternoon. Not until the unimagined honor of September 11.

He waited until Father Michael Joseph looked toward him through the wire mesh.

All of the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘ until’ is to show time.

When

The function of subordinating conjunction ‘when’ is to show time. Examples:

When everyone else was already home asleep. Yes, I know Dane when did you last speak to him?


(2)

He stuck out his hand when he saw Delion.

Nick said when she realized he wasn’t going to eat anymore. When saw him on the floor bleeding, I came to get you.

Did you see her when you ran out of saint Bartholomew’s, Mr Jones? God knows I read enough of her memos, when was volunteering.

All the sentences above show that the using subordinating conjunction ‘when” is to show time.


(3)

4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION

4.1 Conclusions

Conjunction connect words or group and show how the words are related. The writer founds there are three types and functions of conjunction in novel Eleventh Hour, namely:

1. The most frequently used in novel Eleventh Hour are coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. The writer also found any some kinds of correlative conjunction used in novel Eleventh Hour.

2. The most common of coordinating conjunction are and, but, or, and yet. The most frequently used in the novel Eleventh Hour.

3. The kinds of correlative conjunctions are either…..or…, neither….nor…., both….and…., not only….but also…

4. Subordinating conjunction have many kinds, but the most frequently used in novel Eleventh Hour are because, if, how, and until. The most rarely are when, after, before, while, that, as, as if, even though, although, though, than, as…as…, since. Never to used are as long as, as though, even if, in order that, now that, once, rather than, so that, till, unless, whenever, where, whereas, wherever.


(4)

4.2 Suggestions

The writer hopes that this paper will make the readers know about conjunctions and kinds of conjunctions. She realizes that the writing of this paper is far from being perfect, because of that she hopes other person can discuss this subject more deeper. In addition she welcomes a constructive criticism, because she believes that it will give her more benefit in the feature.


(5)

REFERENCES

Hadi, Sutrisno. 2004. Metodologi Research. Yogyakarta: Andi.

Hartanto, J& Koentjoro, S. 2009. ABC English Grammar. SURABAYA: Imakila. Pardiyanto. 2005. Fokus Bahasa Inggris. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Rudyanto, Nina. 2011. Otodidak Belajar Grammar. Jakarta : PT. Buku Seru

Sembiring, Matius C.A. 2011. Buku Petunjuk Program III Study Bahasa Inggris. Medan: D-III Bahasa Inggris Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Semiawan. 2007. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: Gramedia Widia Sarana Indonesia.

Surakhmad, Winarno. 1980. Pengantar Penelitian Ilmiah. Bandung: Tarsito Wijaya, Hamid. 2003. Kamus Exclusive. Surabaya: Pustaka Agung Harapan. Wishon, E.G and Burks, J.M. 1980. Let’s Write English. USA: New York.


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APPENDICES

1) Summary of the Novel Eleventh Hour

This novel a mystery novel involving the (appereantly) recurring characters of Dillon and Sherlock Savich. A string of murders unites FBI agent Dane Carver with the local police of San Francisco and homeless woman, with whom Carver falls in love, of course. The Homeless woman’s hidden past and Carver’s present combined serve to tell the story of several serial killer’s in California.

Father Michael Joseph is killed gruesomely in the confenssional booth by a serial killer. The priest’s twin brother FBI special agent, Dane Carver is afriend and college of the husband and wife team of Dillon Savich and Lacey Sherlock, who are well known characters in Catherine Coulter’s FBI series. There are single witness to the murder, a homeless woman by the name “ Ncick” Jones, who is running away from her own brand of personal terror. Dane finds himself in the uniquely role of bodyguard and a romance develops between them.

2) Authobiography Author

Catherine Coulter is tha author of bestselling FBI suspense novel The Cove, The Maze,The Target, The Edge, Riptide and Hemlock Bay. She lives in Northern California. Write her at P.O. Box 17, Mill Valley, CA 94942