Classroom observation Research Question 2

76 examination. Based on that notion, the codes generated in this research were empirical codes. There were some coding guidelines created in order to assist the researcher in organizing the data and help the readers understand the data sources. The following table presents the coding guidelines. Table 3.3. Data coding guideline Coded Items Codes Interview transcripts INT Students’ reflective journals REFL Researcher’s observation field notes FN Student ST To follow the full code, an example is given for a data coded ‘P ST01-INT 5’. The first letter preceding the code indicates the appendix, so it means that the data is located in Appendix P. ST01 means student 1. INT 5 means the 5 th conversation from an unnumbered interview transcript. This is because each student only contributed one interview transcript. Another example is ‘Q ST05-REFL 2.1’. It means the data is located in Appendix Q, student 5. Meanwhile, REFL 2.1 shows that the data was from reflection number two, statement one. As they were organized, the data were reduced into a manageable form Mills, 2011. Once the data were organized, each data category was described and explained. Then, the data were interpreted in order to answer the second research question. Triangulation was also used in the qualitative data analysis. Citing Glesne 2006 and Bogdan Biklen 2007, Mertler 2009 suggested that triangulation is an important technique since it is “a process of relating multiple sources of data PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 77 in order to establish their trustworthiness or verification of the consistency of the facts while trying to account for their inherent biases” p. 11. Therefore, it was considered necessary to include triangulation in the qualitative data analyzing process in order that accurate and reliable data were obtained. In this study, triangulation was performed by examining different forms of data and relating them simultaneously in order to increase more objective results. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI