88 detected by the occurrence of the interjection “aw” and the phrase “bat shit”
itself. The sense obtained from this utterance is that “the speaker a guy in
Oklahoma namely Boggs, as it can be seen in the previous sentence is surprised or suffers from a sudden pain
”. In another context, Sheidlower 2009 suggests that the word bat shit might refer to
“crazy” p. 44. The word shit is considered swear word and included in cathartic
swear word since though an imitation it is uttered spontaneously and it is boundless to its literal meaning. This utterance is also constative and locution.
The senses which emerge in the utterances of this part are the answer to the research question number one. For the answer of the research question number two:
the swear words are used cathartically, conveying the emotional state of the speaker. However, Carlin really conveys his emotional state saying the expletive shit only in
one utterance i.e. the utterance 2. For the rest of the utterances in this part, Carlin merely simulates the circumstance. The cathartic swear word, as Austin notes, is also
a locution which is not intended to offend someone due to the absence of the illocutionary force.
89
CHAPTER V
CONSLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents two major part i.e. conclusions and recommendations. In conclusions part the summary of the research findings are presented as
representative as possible. The recommendations part suggests the further action which can be taken considering the finding of this research.
5.1. Conclusions
Based on the analysis in chapter IV, the following findings can be drawn to answer the research questions in Chapter I. The research question number one is:
what are the references or senses of the taboo words and swear words uttered in Carlin
’s monologue? Based on the analysis in Chapter IV, the references of taboo words and swear words uttered in Carlin
’s monologue are various. The variation constrains from the themes of religious and secular taboo. Profanity, as the only
theme religious taboo, occurs in two words i.e. hell and damn. In term of secular taboo, the various references or senses of the taboo words and swear words include
five themes i.e. sexual activity, bodily effluvia, intimated part of the body, ancestral allusion, and name of animal.
90 The tricky point of deducing the reference of the taboo words of this theme
in this monologue is that Carlin sometimes plays the taboo words with their homonymy relation with their other reference which is not taboo. This occurs to the
word cock, pussy, and ass. In the occasion of uttering those words, Carlin refers to “rooster” for cock, “cat” for pussy, and “donkey” for ass. It is considered as the
comedic part of Carlin’s monologue as it is observed from the perlocutionary effect of the utterances which makes the audiences laugh.
The research question number two is: how are the taboo words and swear words used in Carlin
’s monologue? The taboo words and swear words are used in five different ways i.e. descriptively, idiomatically, abusively, emphatically, and
cathartically. The frequent utterances of taboo words and swear words in this utterance
might risk Carlin into an accusation of delivering indecent material ” as it is stated in
the first point of the Miller test: “an average person, applying contemporary
community standards, must find that the material, as whole, appeals to the prurient interest
” as it is pointed out by John Douglas in his letter to FCC. However, the accusation for the second point “the material must depict or describe, in patently
offensive way, sexual conduct specifi cally defined by applicable law”, the
accusation is considered lack of pragmatic analysis. Carlin indeed describes sexual conduct but not in an offensive way. The offensiveness of a taboo words or swear
words might occur if a swear word is used abusively and perform the illocutionary force. However, no abusive swear word in this monologue qualifies the felicity
