Research Problems Problem Limitation Research Objectives

10 by the society Hughes, 2006. Taboo words include oath, blasphemy or profanity hell, damn, bloody Mary, obscenity or vulgarity fuck, shit, piss, pussy, cock, ethnic racial slurs yankee, kaffir, gringo, nigger, and so on. 3. Swear words Swear words are taboo words which are uttered by involving emotive function and do not refer to its literal meaning Ljung, 2011. The eleventh edition of Oxford English Dictionary mentions that the emotion carried on in swearing is merely anger. Whereas, in the context of this research, swear words can also express any other emotions like happiness Scherer Sagarin, 2006. 4. Reference Reference is the actual object or real world entity picked out by a linguistic expression Frawley, 1992. Reference is also understood as a relation that holds between speakers and what they are talking about in particular occasions Lyons, 1995, p. 294. 5. Sense Sense means the idea or other information derived from how the expression is expressed as the product of logic Lyons, 1995. Frawley 1992 also conceptualizes that sense is all the information which makes a sentence meaningful to someone who may or may not know the referential facts of a word. From the definitions above it can be synthesized that this research analyzes the meaning of the words, phrases, or sentences as a unit of utterance which contain words which have taboo reference, whether they are in the form of taboo words or 11 swear words. This research will take an eye on every qualified word which is uttered by Gorge Carlin in his monologue entitled Seven Wo rds You Can’t Say on Television. 12 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter reviews some related studies which support the present research. There are two major points that are discussed in this section. The first point is the theoretical description which reviews some theories and also other related studies relevant to the topic. The second point is the theoretical framework which provides the synthesized major theories which help the researcher solve the research questions.

2.1. Theoretical Description

Before going further to the analysis of taboo words in Carlin ‟s monologue it is important to convey the basic concept of taboo and some topics related to it.

2.1.1. The Concept of Taboo

Since the origin of taboo words and swear words is from a sort of things considered taboo, it is important to dig out the concept of taboo itself for the reason that it will be the notional basic of the whole discussion in this thesis. Factually, there is no certain author capable of defining taboo precisely. Yet, some authors note that the word “taboo” came from Tongan as its origin spelled „tabu‟