Based on Nature of Assessment Form of Assessment

1. Based on Nature of Assessment

Based on nature of assessment, Miller et al.2009 differentiate assessment into two types; maximum performance and typical performance. a Maximum Performance As explained by Miller et al. 2009, this kind of assessment aims to determine a person’s developed abilities or achievement. In other words, this assessment decides on what individuals can do to get their best score. Individuals’ motivation is very important for the result of the assessment since it is necessary for the use and interpretation of the result. Instruments that are usually used include aptitude tests and achievement tests. b Typical Performance Different from maximum performance, this assessment indicates what individuals will do rather than what they can do Miller et al., 2009: 36. In short, this assessment is designed to reflect a person’s typical behaviour. It concerns on individual’s interests, attitudes, adjustment, and other personality traits. Thus, this assessment prioritizes in gaining representative responses rather than high score Miller, 2009. This assessment uses observational techniques and peer appraisal as the instruments.

2. Form of Assessment

Based on form of assessment, there are two kinds of assessment which are fixed-choice tests and complex-performance assessments Miller et al., 2009. a Fixed-Choice Tests Fixed-choice tests use as an efficient measurement of knowledge and skills. It other words, it is used as an indirect indicator Miller, 2009. This kind of test considers an efficient test since individual can respond to large number of question in brief period of time. This test usually uses standardized multiple choice test. b Complex-Performance Assessments Miller et al. 2009:37 states that complex-performance assessment functions as measurement of performance in contexts and on problems valued in individual’s own right. This performance assessment is usually called authentic assessment since it is used to assess performance while individuals are involved in problem-solving learning experience. This assessment usually uses certain instruments such as hands- on laboratory experiment, projects, essays, and oral presentation.

3. Method of Interpreting results