CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents concepts which are used to discover the conceptual truth. This chapter is divided to three sections; theoretical review, review of related
research, and framework of pre-understanding. The theoretical review is used to clarify related concepts and their relations of a competence-based self-assessment
model for the English teacher of the vocational school. The second section is used to review some related research. The last section explains the framework synthesized
from the discussed theories.
A. Theoretical review
The theoretical review clarifies eight concepts include teacher competence, competence-based assessment, competence-based learning, educative assessment, the
vocational school, the English teacher of the vocational school, English teacher’s
performance at the vocational school and assessment design model.
1. Teacher Competences
Competence indicates standard of ability of a particular occupation. According to Debling 1995: 80 competence is a broad concept which embodies the ability to
transfer skills and knowledge to new situations within the occupational area. In every occupation, includes teacher, there are standards which have to reach as a
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professional. Those standards which describe on competence shows teacher what they have to do as a competent person.
Teacher s’ competence can be seen on their performance. It is because
competence is about performance Mansfiel, 1995: 28. As the expected outcomes, per
formance indicates teacher’s ability which consists of knowledge, skill and attitude. According to Musfah 2011 competence is ability of someone which
consists of knowledge, skill and attitude which can be seen in hisher actual performance that beneficial for hisherself and environment. Thus, teacher
performance directly indicates their competences. Teachers need to pay attention on the importance of their competences.
Competences of teachers in Indonesia are formulated in the Regulation of Education Minister No. 16 year 2007 on the. Based on the regulation on Standard of Academic
and Competencies of Teachers, teachers need to notice four areas of competences contains pedagogic, personality, professional and social.
a. Pedagogic Competence Pedagogic competence is defined as ability in managing students Musfah,
2011. Based on the Regulation of Education Minister No. 16 year 2007 on the Standard of Academic and Competencies of Teachers, pedagogic competence
includes a mastering students’ characteristic b mastering material and learning
principles, c curriculum development, d conducting development activity e facilitating the technology, f facilitating developing potency, g effective
communication, h conducting, and i utilizing assessing and evaluating.
Teachers are expected to understand the education concept which makes they are aware on their strategic position in society. They also need to pay attention on
their personal knowledge bank on English material and language principles, teaching techniques, and technology. They are also asked to understand what they have to do
when assessing and evaluating students. b. Personality
Since the essence of learning process is to transform behavior, teachers are expected become model on living their personal life. Teachers need to concern their
act as professional educators who are a part of citizen that are aware on norm. Their proper act are described in items of personality competence which are; a act properly
based on norm, b act properly as an example of good citizen, c act properly as a capable person, d showing pride as a teacher, and e respect teacher ethical code the
Regulation of Education Minister on the Standard of Academic and Competencies of Teachers, 2007.
c. Social Students’ diversity of cultural, social, educational and religious was the next
matter for English teachers. Teachers usually have to handle classes that contain of a unique combination of students from different ethnic, cultural, educational, social and
religious background. They need to behave objectively to all students in and out of the class. As professional teachers, they were also asked to be a good example of
citizen. Based on the Regulation of Education Minister No. 16 year 2007 on the Standard of Academic and Competencies of Teachers., social competence includes a
behave inclusively and objectively, b communicate effectively, emphatically and politely, c conform with Indonesia diversity of social and culture, d Communicate
with other educators. d. Professional
As professional, English teachers need to make commitment to provide time for their performance development. There are areas of professional competence which
need to notice; a master material, structure, concept and mindset of certain subject, b master competency standard and main competency, c develop material creatively
d improve professionalism continually, e use technology to improve performance the Regulation of Education Minister on the Standard of Academic and
Competencies of Teachers, 2007.
2. Educative Assessment
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