in their environment. Thus, the task of teachers is providing a practical activity which encourages them to have an interaction with others and gives them
opportunities to use the language.
B. Theoretical Framework
Teaching English as a foreign language to children has its own difficulties. The difficulties are mostly in choosing the appropriate way of teaching-learning
with suitable activities for the students so that the students will feel more interested in learning English. In fact, Indonesian people have been conditioned to
believe that someone has to reach a high score in academic field in order to be a successful person in society. They often think that someone who has high IQ will
get a successful life in the future. Thus, this point of view often results in frustration or academic failure for the students who are not good at linguistic or
logical-mathematical competence. According to Leksono as cited in Kompas, 2007, people who have high IQ are successful in their study but not success in
their career. Nowadays, the use of IQ as a base of a success is broken by a new theory
called Multiple Intelligences proposed by Howard Gardner. He states that each child is unique. If the child is not good as one thing, he or she might be good at
another thing. In this study, the writer implemented the Multiple Intelligences theory through a set of integrated materials to teach English to the fifth grade
students. Richard and Rogers 2001: 117 claims that “language is not seen as a limited to a ‘linguistic’ perspective but encompasses all aspect of
communication”. The statement convinces us that learning language can be done in many ways, not merely through linguistic activity. Hence, the Multiple
Intelligences theory would be the base theory that underlies the study. According to Gardner 1999, there are nine intelligences of a human.
However, there are seven intelligences discussed in this study namely linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, musical intelligence, bodily-
kinesthetic intelligence, spatial intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, and intrapersonal intelligence. According to Gardner as cited in Walter 2004: 11, he
states that “focusing and giving students time to nurture and develop their own intelligences results in students who are more apt to discover their own strength,
put more effort into improving their weak areas, and feel better about themselves”. It means that by providing a variety of styles or intelligences, the
students will learn in ways that are most meaningful or interesting to them. However, to apply all the intelligences in classroom is difficult. Therefore, there is
a guideline and a diagram for teacher so that they can make or create the teaching- learning activities easier.
The writer conducted the study to the fifth grade students by considering the characteristics of them. According to Foshay 1957, in this period, students
will have physically and intellectuality growth as well. During this period, the children or the students show increased manual dexterity, increased strength, and
increased fatigue. Furthermore, their intellectuality growth is characterized by a specialization and differentiation in interests, a differentiation between work and
play, uninhibited creative work, and distinctly more mature intellectual ability.
Hence, expanding their interests can be made as the basis for many new and vital experiences for their future. Moreover, by implementing Multiple Intelligences
theory through a set of integrated materials design to teach English to the fifth grade students, hopefully the students’ motivation to learn English subject will
increase.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the writer would like to discuss the methodology which would be used in conducting the research. The methodology covers research
method, research participants, research instruments, data gathering techniques, data analysis techniques, and research procedures.
A. Research Method
The research would be conducted in a form of qualitative descriptive research. According to Fraenkel 1993: 380 “qualitative research is a study
investigating the quality of relationships, activities, situations or materials.” Furthermore, Ary, et al. 1990: 381 states that “descriptive research is designed
to obtain information concerning the current status of phenomena. It is directed to determine the nature of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study which has a
purpose to tell what it is.” To be exact, this qualitative descriptive study was a survey study. Survey
study itself is a research for accurate information about characteristics of particular subjects, groups, institution, or situation or about the frequency with
which something occurs Van Dalen, 1979: 285. In conducting the survey, the writer became the participant since she taught directly the materials in a class in
which this study was conducted. The survey of this study was aimed to find out the process of the implementation of Multiple Intelligences theory. Particularly,
