70355-0-8. ITBS – University of Angers France; Udayana University; Bali State Polytecnic; Sahid Institute
Jakarta, pp.260-272
1 Proceeding Tourism In Indonesia
EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN BALI
I Wayan Suardana
Faculty of Tourism, University of Udayana , Denpasar E-mail :
suar.danayahoo.co.id Students of Doctoral Program, School of Postgraduate Studies, Udayana University
Abstract
Sustainable tourism development is an ideal concept in realizing Bali as a quality tourist destination. However, the development of Bali experiences a variety of pressures that are contrary to the principles of
sustainable tourism. The problem of economic inequality, socio-cultural and environmental exploitation, or uncontrolled spatial planning became a major issue in the development of tourism in Bali. The development of
tourism in Bali continues to experience a dilemma in development whether to develop for Bali or to develop in Bali. This paper aims to evaluate the development of sustainable tourism in Bali in various aspects such as sustainability
principles and indicators that become problems in the implementation of sustainable tourism.
Keywords : sustainable, tourism, development, and integrated
1. INTRODUCTION
The development of tourism development with lots of its success lead to a breakthrough of international scale policy
that was initiated by the United States and Britain. Tourism was brought in the world development, and the
future of tourism is believed to be non-military instruments that can overcome tensions and political
instability as a result of World War II. Tourism is used as the prime mover in an atmosphere of peace in the world
and create understanding among nations and between people through acts of mutual respect for each other.
International tourism, with an emphasis on the utilization of resources nature and culture, become an attractive
option for economic development for developing countries. Tourism is an industry that is environmentally
friendly and clean, not like the construction sector, namely manufacturing, mining, and forestry. In the developing
countries the natural and cultural resources are regarded as a less capital intensive and less creative in the
development so that slower to generate revenue. Tourism seems to have the potential to become a major driving
force for economic development because of a large multiplier effects and the potential for economic
development and employment opportunities for the unskilled and the semi-skilled labors. For that reason, the
limited natural and cultural resources are exploited and tourism becomes an important sector for economic
diversification.
The great impact of development on the environment has become the attention of the big countries
in the world. Finally, these issues were raised in the Stockholm conference in 1972, which gave rise to the
concept of sustainable development. The conference introduced the concept of environmentally sustainable
development, which is integrated in the cultural, social, and ecological aspects. The philosophy of this concept is
the small is beauty[1], and is widely adopted in the strategic plans of various tourism industry. The evolution
of the sustainable concept has occurred from the 1960s, and the vision to be reached are conservation, community,
and increased economic growth.
The various global phenomenon above, is also true for Bali tourism. The sustainable tourism development is
also adopted as the vision of development of tourism in Bali. The vision of the Development of tourism in Bali is
the determination of the cultural tourism quality, sustainable and competitive based on the Tri Hita Karana.
Its mission is 1 Democracy based cultural tourism 2 The professionalism of tourism management 3 the good
service in tourism. Development in Bali has long legally adopted the sustainable development as an indicator of the
development in Bali. However, in its development, regulation or formal and holistic indicators that can be
adopted and used as guidelines in assessing the success of the development, are not fully available. Indicators are
partially made in pieces and different proportions. Even in Bali, the term of sustainability is still a utopian political
jargon to introduce the concept of an ideal development. It can be seen from the concept of development in all areas
that must contain
the word “sustainable”, but in fact only the physical development such as hotels, supermarkets and
others continue to be sustainable. Tourism essentially brings different impacts, even it is in contrary to three-
dimensional life of the Balinese namely 1 the economic dimension
caused by
the improper
government regulations, 2 cultural dimension caused by such external
influx of tourists and communication, 3 environmental dimension, as a result of excessive use of natural resources
due to lifestyle changes [2].
70355-0-8. ITBS – University of Angers France; Udayana University; Bali State Polytecnic; Sahid Institute
Jakarta, pp.260-272
2 Proceeding Tourism In Indonesia
When viewed from the movement of tourists to Bali in the period of 1969 to 2009, it has implications on
the development of Bali. Until the year 2009, the amount of accommodation available in Bali was as many as 2,175
units, with the number of rooms as many as 46 014 rooms, which includes star hotels, budget hotels, and cottage. The
number of restaurants available was 1,693 units with 82. 663 seats, while the number of travel agents was as many
as 635 units. The number of tour guides 14 foreign languages was 8812 persons. In addition, Bali also has
270 tourist attractions, and the number of water tourism business is as much as 188 units [3]. The abundant number
of business tourism industry, also has implications for the development of other sectors, such as supermarkets,
housing, and other services. Various developments are carried out as an effort to meet the tourism sector, so its
implementation also results in positive and negative impacts. The rapid development of tourism in Bali and the
implication would be a dilemma to find a format of sustainable tourism in Bali. This section is interesting to be
used to explore how is the development of sustainable tourism in Bali? What kind of sustainable development in
accordance with Bali?
2. SUSTAINABLE
