Analytical methods Directory UMM :Data Elmu:jurnal:P:Precambrian Research:Vol102.Issue3-4.2000:

morphism in the Dabieshan terrane has been dated at 245 – 220 Ma by various geochronological meth- ods e.g. Li et al., 1993; Ames et al., 1996; Chav- agnac and Jahn, 1996; Rowley et al., 1997, and these ages have been interpreted as representing the timing of north-directed underthrusting of conti- nental crust of the Yangtze craton e.g. Li et al., 1993. The protolith ages of the Dabieshan eclog- ites are not well constrained though the possibility of their being Neoproterozoic has been discussed Ames et al., 1996; Rowley et al., 1997; Jahn, 1998. Rowley et al. 1997 have obtained an upper intercept age of 772.5 9 9.5 Ma on zircons from a felsic gneiss that is a host rock of eclogites. Their result agrees well with an upper intercept age for a gneiss dated by Ames et al. 1996. Both papers interpreted the age as representing a protolith age for felsic gneisses in a rift environment along the northern margin of the Yangtze craton. 3 The blueschist-bearing fold-thrust belt is composed of Meso – Neoproterozoic metasedimen- tary and metavolcanic rocks ‘Susong group’, lower Sinian metavolcanic rocks ‘Yaolinghe group’ and upper Sinian sedimentary rocks You et al., 1996. The metamorphism of the Susong group attained conditions of the medium to high pressure greenschist facies. Epidote blueschists are extensively exposed in the belt, and the blueschist facies metamorphism has been dated at 230 – 195 Ma by Sm – Nd crossite-whole rock isochrons Yang et al., 1994 and 40 Ar 39 Ar phengite plateau ages Eide et al., 1994 on blueschists from near Hong’an. The DBC is intruded by abundant middle Juras- sic- early Cretaceous granitic plutons, and minor late Triassic mafic monzodiorite and early Creta- ceous gabbroic rocks with shoshonitic and high-K calc-alkaline affinities Ma et al., 1998; Jahn et al., 1999. Three groups of Mesozoic intrusive rocks have been identified Ma et al., 1998. Group I consists of late Triassic 210 Ma mafic monzo- diorites the Liujiawa stock, Fig. 2, which could have been generated by partial melting of enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle or by crustal assimilation of mantle-derived magma. Group II comprises middle Jurassic – early Cretaceous 160 – 120 Ma quartz monzonites, monzogranites and syenogranites, and could have been produced by crustal assimilation and fractional crystallization of mantle-derived magmas. Group III is represented by Cretaceous 125 – 95 Ma granitic stocks and granitic porphyries, which could have been derived by anatexis of Dabieshan felsic gneisses and subse- quent fractional crystallization Ma et al., 1998; Ma, 1999. 2 . 2 . The Kongling complex The oldest known basement of the Yangtze craton is the Kongling complex KLC. It outcrops in an area of about 150 km 2 in the Three Gorges region of the Yangtze River, Western Hubei Fig. 1. It is composed of gneisses, including grey gneisses with amphibolites, and supracrustal rocks Ma et al., 1997. The grey gneisses, composed of banded orthogneisses with medium to fine-grained high-Al trondhjemite, tonalite, and granodiorite TTG compositions, give U – Pb zircon upper intercept ages of 2800 – 3000 Ma e.g. 2936 9 98 Ma, Ames et al., 1996; 2850 9 15 Ma, Ma et al., 1997. Ma et al. 1997 have interpreted these ages as the time either of TTG intrusion, or metamor- phism of the TTG to grey gneisses. Amphibolites occur as foliated enclaves in the grey gneisses, and they yield a Sm – Nd whole-rock errorchron age of 3290 9 170 Ma Ma et al., 1997. Supracrustal rocks form a younger unit, which has been subdi- vided into a lower khondalite series and upper amphibole schists. Zircons from an amphibolite layer in the khondalite have yielded a U – Pb upper intercept age of 2031 9 4 Ma, which is considered an approximate estimate of the age of the basaltic protolith Ma et al., 1997.

3. Analytical methods

Analyses of major, trace and rare earth element compositions were made at the Analytical Institute of the Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. SiO 2 and H 2 O + were determined by gravimetry; TiO 2 and P 2 O 5 by spectrophotometry; Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3, FeO and CO 2 by volumetry; and MnO, MgO, CaO, Na 2 O and K 2 O by atomic absorption spectrometry. Analyses of trace ele- ments and rare earth elements REE were made by ICP-AES. Analytical precision relative stan- dard deviation is usually B 1 for major ele- ments except H 2 O + , B 4 for REE and Y, and 5 – 10 for trace elements. Sr and Nd isotopic analyses were performed at the Isotope Laboratory of the Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, by procedures described by Ma et al. 1998. Repeated measure- ments n = 6 of the NBS987 and La Jolla Nd 2 O 3 standards were taken throughout the analytical period and yielded the following average ratios: 87 Sr 86 Sr = 0.71026 9 5 2 SD, and 143 Nd 144 Nd = 0.511845 9 10 2 SD. 87 Rb 86 Sr and 147 Sm 144 Nd ratios were determined to a precision of 9 0.7 and 9 0.2, respectively. Total proce- dural blanks are insignificant: B 1 ng for Sr, and 86 pg for Nd. Parameters used for calculations are: 143 Nd 144 Nd CHUR, today = 0.512638, 147 Sm 144 Nd CHUR, today = 0.1967. DM values for Nd are 143 Nd 144 Nd today = 0.51315, 147 Sm 144 Nd today = 0.2137. Decay constant l: for 87 Rb = 1.42 × 10 − 5 Ma − 1 , and for 147 Sm = 6.54 × 10 − 6 Ma − 1 . The nota- tions of o Nd 0 and o Nd t are defined as: o Nd 0 = [ 143 Nd 144 Nd meas. 143 Nd 144 Nd CHUR, today − 1] × 10 4 , o Nd t = [ 143 Nd 144 Nd initial. 143 Nd 144 Nd CHUR, t − 1] × 10 4 . Where, meas = measurement, 143 Nd 144 Nd initial is the initial ratio of the sample suite at the time of its formation t and is calculated from the expression 143 Nd 144 Nd initial = 143 Nd 144 Nd meas − 147 Sm 144 Nd meas e lt − 1. 143 Nd 144 Nd CHUR, t is the isotope ratio of CHUR at time t and is given by the expression: 143 Nd 144 Nd CHUR, t = 0.512638 − 0.2137 × e lt − 1. Sm – Nd model ages T DM were calculated using a linear isotopic ratio growth equation Peu- cat et al., 1989: T DM = l − 1 ln {1 + 143 Nd 144 Nd meas. − 0.51315 147 Sm 144 Nd meas. − 0.2137}.

4. Results and discussion