Laboratory to have the technical competence necessary for precise and smooth laboratory testing Laboratory to have established method of test execution necessary for appropriate testing

11 † Laboratory accreditation system under Article 57 of the Industrial Standardization Law

1. Laboratory to have the technical competence necessary for precise and smooth laboratory testing

2. Laboratory to have established method of test execution necessary for appropriate testing

Accreditation based on ISOIEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories Note JNLA is acronym for Japan National Laboratory Accreditation † Accredited laboratory is able to issue laboratory certificates with accreditation logo defined in Ministerial ordinance † Scope of accreditation „ “JIS on testing method for mining and industrial products other than designated products” † Objective of the scheme „ To support suppliers declare conformity of the products with JIS. Logo accreditation symbol The JNLA Scheme Summary of the Existing Scheme 12 † Accreditation based on ISOIEC 17025 „ Accreditation based on ISOIEC standards on organizations conducting testing Î Accreditation by the Gov t based on satisfaction of ISOIEC 17025 standards equivalent to current JNLA scheme † Expansion of “Accreditation scope „ Change from JIS on testing method for mining and industrial products other than designated products to JIS on testing method for all mining and industrial products † Objective of the new scheme „ Application of JNLA in the new JIS Mark scheme as conformity testing, in addition to support of self-declaration of conformity † Introduction of “renewal scheme „ Accreditation shall be renewed at regular intervals designated by cabinet order. The JNLA Scheme Summary of the New JNLA Scheme 13 † „ Proclamation of Amended JIS Law June 9 „ New JNLA scheme is put into effect October 1 † „ Application for accreditation from certification bodies to be received. from April 1 „ Application for certification from manufacturers etc. to be received. from October 1 Three year transitional period is prepared from Oct. 1, 2005 to Sep. 30, 2008. Schedule Schedule 1 4 B u ild in g S ta n d a rd s La w O v e rv ie w 15 Design stage Construction permit Construction stage Completion of construction Intermediate inspection Completion inspection [Specification regulations] [Performance regulations] Outline of the Building Standard Law [Pre-Use Procedure for Buildings] Building plan Start of use Commenc eme nt of construction Specified administration agency or designated building inspection organization Examination of design documents compliance to the building code „ Singly imposed regulations [Securing safety of building] „ Collectively imposed regulations [Development of sound community] { Access road regulations ensuring access for evacuation or firefighting - { Relationship between site and road { Usage regulations preventing cross-land-use - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - { Building regulations per usage zone { Shape regulations maintaining good urban environment - - - - - - - - - - - { Floor area ratio, setback regulations, etc. { Site ensuring sanitation and safety - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - { Storm gutter, embankment, etc. { Structure preventing collapse from earthquake - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - { Structural materials, amount of walls, etc. - - - { Calculation of ultimate bearing capacity { Fire prevention and evacuation saving life from fire - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - { Fireproof structure, evacuation stairs, etc. - - -{ Fireproof design and evacuation safety verification methods, etc. { General structure, utilities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - { Natural lighting, stairs, plumbing, etc. - - - - - - { Elevator strength verification method, etc. ensuring sanitation and safety 16 and the Effectiveness of the Standards 1998 Revision of the Building Standard Law - Appropriate role-sharing between administration and industry - Ensuring effectiveness of building regulations - Effective use of market function { Privatization of building inspection services Growing demand from society { Development of intermediate inspection system { Access to documents related to building inspection 17 Prior to Revision of Law No. of inspections to be made per building inspection official is... Approx 1,000,000 building plans to be inspected per year versus Approx 1,700 building inspection officials ... about 600 600 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 19 89 19 90 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 Ch ec ks 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 In sp ec tio n O ffi ci al s No. of building plans checked No. of building inspection officials 18 Privatization of Building Inspection Services Certified inspectors: Employ a predetermined minimum number of inspectors Structure: Management should have no influence on fair implementation of inspectors’ service. Dedication: Designated organizations should ensure fairness in its service by not engaging in business other than building inspection. ƒ Administration cannot secure a sufficient implementation framework. ƒ It is necessary to develop an efficient enforcement framework by re-examining the share of administration-industry roles. The building inspection services, which have been conducted by building inspection officials to date, should be opened to qualified independent private organizations designated building inspection organizations. ƒ Capable of providing varied services to match the needs of building owners ƒ Administration can ensure effectiveness of the system by focusing on the correction of regulation violators. Effect Background Points 19 97 organizations as of April 15, 2004 St aff organiza- tions About 1,900 inspectors in 411 local aut horit ies across t he country as of April 1, 2004 ƒ I ndependent and fair ƒ Necessary inspection capabilit y Those who passed the qualification exam and registered as such are certified as building inspectors. Require- ments Mayors or governors appoint inspect ors from t hose who have passed t he qualificat ion exam and who are regist ered. Private eit her profit or non- profit At tribute s Prefectural or m unicipal officials Prefectures and specific cities with populations of over 250,000 D e sign a t e d bu ildin g in spe ct ion or ga n iza t ion s Bu ildin g in spe ct ion officia ls Entities Effecting Building Inspection Services 20 Designated Building Inspection Organizations 367 376 388 397 407 408 411 75 92 96 57 26 100 200 300 400 500 600 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 N o. of or g. Specified administration agency Designated building inspection organization 28 designated by Minister 68 designated by Governor Organizations providing services in two or more prefectures: appointment by Minister Director of Development Bureau Organizations providing services in one prefecture: appointment by Governor Fiscal year 21 Services of Designated Building Inspection Organizations 833,191 15,534 839,810 83,106 736,827 155,338 591,399 238,880 485,079 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 900,000 1,000,000 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Designated building inspection organization Building inspection official Cases Fiscal year 22 Development of the Intermediate Inspection System Effect Background Points ƒ Lessons learnt from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake made us realize anew the importance of the maintenance of building safety. ƒ A system should be established that allows inspections even during the construction stage. 6,425 deaths, about 80 of which were due to collapsing buildings Stricter inspection and thorough implementation of such inspection can doubly ensure the safety of buildings. ƒ Specified administration agencies should designate buildings and processes that should receive intermediate inspection. ƒ Buildings designated as above should be given intermediate inspection or continuation of work should not be allowed. 23 and Processes following Specified Processes [Tokyo Metropolis] 2 3 stories or higher and a total floor area of greater than 500 m 2 Steel structure Steel erection of 1F Steel RC structure As above RC structure Rebar arrangement of beams and floor on 2F Wooden structure Roofing work Steel structure 2F floor slab installation Steel RC structure Rebar arrangement in columns and beams RC structure Beams and floor concrete casting on 2F Wooden structure Exterior or interior of walls Subject building Specified process Process post specified process 1 Wooden and 3-storied or higher 24 Changes in the Number of Specified Administration Agencies Performing Intermediate Inspection 367 209 158 161 179 167 230 236 232 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 56 Specified administration agencies 59 59 44 No data for 2002 and 2003 due to survey not being conducted Fiscal year Specified administration agencies carrying out intermediate inspection 25 Access to Documents related to Building Inspection A system should be established to ensure appropriate evaluation of the quality of buildings by the market rule. ƒ Specified administration agencies should be legally required to make and keep building ledgers. ƒ Documents related to inspection of buildings should also be included in those to be accessible. Formerly only the outline of building plans ƒ Procedure should be clarified to re-check buildings whose designs were changed after their original plans were inspected. ƒ The range of information to be provided on buildings should be extended. → Protection of consumers and improvement of market function Effect Background Points 26 Example of Document Access [Outline of Building Plan] [Progress Status of Procedures] [ Out line of building] Location: Site area: Building area: Building coverage ratio: Total floor area: Floor area ratio: St ructure: Use: Height : No. of stories: [ Locat ion m ap] [ Layout] [ Outline of owner, etc.] Owner: Architect : Cont ract or: Const ruct ion supervisor: [ Other perm issions and certifications] [ Com pletion inspection] Date of inspection: Certifier: Cert ificat ion no.: Dat e of cert ificat ion: [ I nterm ediate inspection] Specified process: I nspection date: I nterm ediate inspection certifier: I nterm ediate inspection certification no.: Dat e of cert ificat ion: [ Building inspection] Building perm it t er: Perm it no.: Date of perm ission: 27 Changes in Past Inspection Ratio 68 64 40 34 33 33 46 57 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 No. of checksA No. of certificatesB Inspection ratioBA No. of checks Fiscal Year Revised Building Standard Law enacted Building Safety Promotion Plan started 28 { Necessary measures should be taken to ensure firm foundation, including improvement of fill or ground, when a building is to be constructed on a wet area, an area prone to flooding, or a former refuse landfill site. { Appropriate facilities for drainage or disposal of rainwater and wastewater, such as installation of sewer pipes or sewer gutters, should be constructed at building sites. { Safety measures, such as construction of retaining walls, should be taken at an area where it is possible that a building may be damaged to landslide or collapse of slope in order to protect the building from such damage. Sanitation and Safety of Site 29 To be specific, technical standards have been put in place based on the following principle: 1 The building should be structurally strong enough to support its dead weight and applied loads and ensure its usability regardless of any extreme deformation or vibration it might receive. 2 The building should not be damaged by snowfall, storm or earthquakes of a medium scale that can infrequently happen. 3 The building should not collapse or fall by snowfall, storm or earthquakes of a large scale that can very rarely happen. Principle: A building should be structurally safe enough to resist its dead weight, imposed load, snow load, wind load, earth load and seismic force. 30 Intermediate inspection June 1998 ƒ Intermediate inspection was required to ensure thorough supervision of construction work. ƒ Others Act for Promotion of the Earthquake Proof Retrofit of Buildings was enacted in Oct. 1995 Act for Densely Inhabited Areas Improvement for Disaster Mitigation was enacted in May 1997 [Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake] Jan. 1995 M7.2; 6,432 deaths, 104,906 buildings totally damaged, 144,274 buildings partially damaged and 6,148 buildings totally burned down Buildings built to the former seismic standard and those poorly designed and constructed were damaged and collapsed in great number. New seismic standard July 1980 ƒ Secondary design should be introduced in seismic calculation 1 Restrictions of inter-story drift, rigidity, or eccentricity ratio 2 Introduction of ultimate lateral strength calculation ƒ Reinforcement of specification regulations 1 Increase in the amount of load-bearing walls for wooden buildings [Tokachi-oki Earthquake] May 1968 M7.9: 49 deaths, 673 buildings totally damaged and 3,004 buildings partially damaged A large number of RC buildings were damaged. [Miyagi-ken-oki Earthquake] June 1978 M7.4; 27 deaths, 651 buildings totally damaged and 5,450 buildings partially damaged Buildings with pilotis and of serious eccentricity were damaged.

1. Previous Major Earthquake Damage and Countermeasures