The Aims of Classroom Action Research

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2.2 Theoretical Framework

The problem that occurred in class XI IPA 2 is the students‟ lack of motivation in writing. It is because the teaching activity is monotonous and the students have difficulties in developing the idea. They spend much time to think what they are going to write. Based on the problems, having interesting learning activity will help the students increase their motivation. According to Schunk, Pintrich, and Meece 2008 motivation is defined as “the process whereby goal-directed activity is instigated and sustained” p. 4. Besides, Dornyei 2001 emphasizes that motivation has important role in achieving students‟ goal and determining the students‟ success. It means that motivation as the key factor in contributing learning success. The researcher also u ses several indicators to assess students‟ motivation. Those are students‟ interest, students‟ persistence, students‟ effort. In these assessments, the researcher focuses on students‟ mastery goal. In the learning process, motivation can be built by using some techniques or media in order to increase the st udents‟ motivation. In increasing students‟ motivation especially in writing a narrative text, the researcher implements pictures series as media to attract the students‟ attention. Pictures can bring the real situation in the class Kreidler, 1960. It makes the students learn in real situation. Besides, pictures also lea d the students‟ imagination to develop the idea Sa‟diyah, 2014. Since the researcher uses picture series, the pictures offer group of images which presented a story in each series. Therefore, it encourages the students to write the story Kreidler, 1960 37 The researcher uses cooperative learning method to teach the students in XI IPA 2. Slavin 1995 describes , “cooperative learning refers to a variety of teaching method in which students work in small groups to help one another learn academic content” p. 2. This method is concerned on creating small group of learners which allow them to work together and complete the task Artz Newman, 1990 as cited by Huda, 2012. Cooperative learning also increases the students‟ motivation in learning activity. Sharan 1990 as cited by Isjoni 2013 supports, “By using cooperative learning the students will have high motivation because of encouragement from their peers ” p. 35. The students have motivation in the learning process and the learning objectives will be accomplished. In teaching writing, the researcher applies genre based approach. It focuses on the products of writing by examining a text. The researcher applies this approach to ensure that the students wrote a narrative story with a complete generic structure. In addition, the teacher ensures that the students understand a narrative through a text that the teacher showed. Genre based approach is consisted of five main stages. Those are building the context, modeling and deconstructing, join construction of the text, independent construction of the text, and linking to related text Feez, 1998. However, in this research implementation, the researcher does not use the last stage, namely linking to related text. It is because the researcher does not ask the students to compare the narrative text with other types. The researcher focuses on building the students‟ motivation to produce a narrative text. In conducting this research, the researcher increases the students‟ motivation by inferring from the actions during the