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CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
A. IQ and Learning Achievement
1. Definition of IQ
“Intelligence is what you use when you don‟t know what to do” – Jean Piaget
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. Human being is considered to be the most intelligent animal in this world. He is capable controlling all other things in this world.
Intelligence has a very important role in day to day activities of the individual. The world Intelligence has been derived from a latin verb
“intellegre” it means to understand. IQ or intelligence quotient is a measurement of person‟s intelligence. It
shows by numbers to represent every person ‟s intelligence. The number or
score that shows obtained from standardized test. The higher score IQ of a person mean the higher level of the intelligency. On the other hand it
means that differences in scores reflect differences intellegency. The concept of Intelligence has been understood by psychologists in
many different ways. Therefore, there are a number of definitions. The following are explained below.
Ken Richardson explained “The assertion that IQ measures human intelligence in any general sense, or that the source of variance in IQ
scores is primarily cognitive in nature”
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. Meanwhile, Nababan defined as followed “Intelligence Quotient is a score which is the result of a person‟s
mental age divide with chronological age then multiplied by a hundred. ”
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www.psychologydiscussion.com
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Richardson, Ken 2002. What IQ Test Test. Theory and Psychology Copyright. Vol 123. p. 306
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Nababan,, P. W. J. 1989. Sosiolinguistik dan Pengajaran Bahasa.Dalam PELLBA 2 = Pertemuan Linguistik Lembaga Bahasa Atma Jaya: Kedua: Neurolinguistik, sosiolinguistik,
humanistik, tipologi, aliran Praha, tata bahasa, pemerolehan bahasa. p. 75
As said above every human or individual will possess some amount of intelligence. We may be able to say whether the individual is less
intelligence or more intelligence on the basis of his performance in activities. But to know the exact quantity of intelligence possessed by an
individual, administration of an intelligence test is essential. Hence, in order to know a quantitative measure, a German psychologist
by name William Stern proposed formula as below :
Mental age shows a person behaviour that reflects people from certain age of group, or it can be said a mental ability of a person. Actually mental
age is age level of human mental ability, it also measured by standardized intelligence test. Meanwhile chronological age shows the real age of a
person from the date he was born. Spencer defines Intelligence as the capacity of the organism to adjust
itself to an increasingly complex environment. Alfred Binet stated intelligence as something which sencory acuity test
or reaction time experiments measure. Based on Terman the American psychologist, he is best known for his
revision of the Stanford-Binet IQ test. Abstract thinking is one of intelligence abilities that involvesthe way of person solve problems, his
critical thinking adn, etc. The way a person face problems, the way a person take a decision
involving y IQ. Those the ways is supported by Munn explanation that intelligence as the capacity for flexible adjustment. And Goddard said
intelligence is the degree of avalibility of one‟s experience for the solution of immediate problems and the anticipation of the future ones.
A person who looks smart they are able to maintain their thoughts, express ideas, they can estimate something in good way also explained by
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