Social purpose: to present at least two points of view about an issue.
Rhetorical development: Issue: in the form of statement or preview
Arguments for and against, or statement of differing points of view, consisting of : point and elaboration.
Conclusion or recommendation. 5. Explanation
Social purpose: to explain the processes involved in the formation or workings of natural or sociocultural phenomena.
Rhetorical development: A general statement to position the reader.
A sequenced explanation of‘ why’ or ‘how’ something occurs.
6. Analytical Exposition
Social purpose: to persuade the reader or listener that something is the case.
Rhetorical development: Thesis. This can be in the form of :
position: introduces topic and indicates writer’s position, or: preview:
outlines the
main arguments to be presented.
Arguments, consisting of: point: restates the main arguments outlined in the preview,
and elaboration:
develops and
supports each point or argument. Reiteration: restates the writer’s position.
7. Hortatory Exposition Social purpose: to persuade the reader or listener that something
should or should not be the case. Rhetorical development:
Thesis: announcement of issue concern. Arguments: reasons for concern, leading to recommendation.
Recommendation: statement of what ought or ought not to
happen. 8. News Items
Social purpose: to inform readers or viewers about events of the day
that are considered newsworthy or important. Rhetorical development:
Newsworthy events: recounts the event in summary form. Background events: elaborate what happened, to whom, in
what circumstance. Source: comments by participants in, witnesses to and
authorities expert on the event.
9. Narration Social purpose: to amuse, entertain, and to deal with actual or
vicarious experience in different ways; narratives deals with problematic events which lead to a crisis
or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution.
Rhetorical development: Orientation: sets the scene and introduces the participants.
Evaluation: a stepping back to evaluate the plight. Complication: a crisis arises.
Resolution: the crisis is resolved, for better or for worse. Reorientation: optional.
10. Procedure Social purpose: to describe how something is accomplished through
sequence of actions or steps. Rhetorical development:
Goal. Material not required for all procedural texts.
Steps.
11. Description Social purpose: to describe a particular person, place or thing.
Rhetorical development:
Identification: identifies phenomenon to be described. Description: describes parts, qualities, characteristics.
12. Review Social purpose: to critique an art work, event for a public
audience. The works of art include: movies, television show, books, plays, operas, recordings, exhibitions, concerts, and
ballets.
Rhetorical development:
Orientation: places the work in its general and particular context, often by comparing it with others of its kind or
through analogue with a non-art object or event. Interpretive recount: summaries the plot andor provides an
account of how the reviewed rendition of the work came into being; is optional, but if present, often recursive.
Evaluation: provides an evaluation of the work andor its performance or production; is usually recursive.
Evaluative summation: provides a kind of punch-line which sums up the reviewer’s opinion of the art event as a whole; is
optional. adopted from New South Wales K-6 Syllabus,1994
II. Suggested Lexicogrammatical Features of Genres for SHS
The following are the lexicogrammar features of different text types that are suggested to
be given to SHS students.
1. Spoof’sRecount
