f. Character in action
As the characters become more bounded in the action, the readers are naturally learning more about them. The action of the character is the basic
learning for the readers to understand the characteristic by the character’s behavior and attitude.
2. Theory of Feminism
Maggie Humm stated in her book The Dictionary of Feminist Theory, “Feminism is the ideology of women’s since intrinsic in all it approaches is the
belief that women suffer injustice because of their sex” Humm, 1990:74.
Therefore, feminism is an idea that women and men are in an equal position, women can do what they want to do. Various feminism offer differing analysis of
the causes and means of female suppression. Maggie Humm also states, “Feminism is a term used by cultural and essentialist feminism to describe the
ideology of female superiority” Humm, 1990:73. Moreover, Ashley Montagu on her book The Natural Superiority of
Women states, “Women have been conditioned to believe that they are inferior to
men, and they have assumed that what everyone believes is a fact of nature”
Montagu:1953:23. That nature is clearly captured as a feminism, which every woman has in herself.
Somehow, feminism confined women’s struggles against suppressive gender relationships. In fact, women’s actions today or in the past, have been
against interconnecting relations of inequality and involved many sides of
resistance in the daily life and culture that are not simply about gender Rowbotham, 1992:6. Thus, feminism is not only about to signify the suppression
upon women related to men because of gender but in any other inequality issues in society that cause suppression upon women.
Liberal is also one of the feminist characteristics, the liberation of women is the chief goal of feminist theory, Humm states in her book The Dictionary of
Feminist Theory, The liberation of women is the chief goal of feminist theory, contemporary
women’s liberation, or feminist action, is consciously revolutionary. It breaks with reformism; it is internationalist and it simultaneously attacks
the state, cultural ideology and the economy 1990:119
Andersen mentions in her book Thinking About Women: Sociological and Feminist Perspectives that feminism starts with the premise that the position of
women and men in society are the result of social, not natural factors Andersen, 1997:9. The importance of feminism has been expanded and understood in some
different ways, yet begins with the idea that the basis of women’s position in society are social institutions and social attitudes
C. Feminism and Patriarchy in Middle East
Margot Badran states in her book Feminism in Islam that feminism is a gender modernity in the Middle East countries,
Feminism as a new consciousness of gender and womens subordination first emerged among the upper and middle classes in the crannies of
unevenly gender modernity at different moments in various countries of the Middle East. Feminism, especially in stages of open activism,
constituted uncomfortable challenges to masculinist scrambles to control
