4. The Technique of Data Collecting
In collecting the data, the writer used test technique. The data were collected from the pre-test and post-test. They were given to the
experiment class and controlled classes. The pre-test was administered before the treatments and the post-test was administered after the
treatments.
5. The Technique of Data Analysis
In analyzing the data, the writer used inferential analysis technique. That technique is useful to hypothesis testing and to research
generalization. Before the writer analyzed the data, it is necessary to calculate the data into the statistic calculation. The writer used
�
�� �
formula to calculate the data. The two classes were compared to the independent variable, the experiment class is X variable and the
control class is Y variable. The formula of �
�� �
is expressed as follows:
1
�
�
=
−
�
−
= Mean of Variable X = Mean of Variable Y
SE = Standard Error
Prior the calculation of �
�� �
, there are several steps to be taken, they are as follow:
a. Determining Mean of Variable X, with formula:
=
1
1
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT.Raja Grafindo Persada,2008, p.32
b. Determining Mean of Variable Y, with formula:
=
2
c. Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable X, with formula:
�
=
2 1
d. Determining Standard of Deviation Score of Variable Y, with formula:
� =
2 2
e. Determining Standard Error Mean of Variable X, with formula:
� =
�
1
− 1
f. Determining Standard Error Mean of Variable Y, with formula:
� =
��
2
− 1
g. Determining Standard Error of different Mean of Variable X and Mean of
Variable Y, with formula: �
−
= �
2
+ �
2
h. Determining
�
�
, with formula:
�
�
=
−
�
−
i. Determining Degrees of Freedom df, with formula:
df =
1
+
2
– 2
j. The Testing of hypothesis:
H
o
: There is no significant different achievement in learning simple present tense between students are taught by using STAD technique
and students are taught by using Grammar Translation Method. H
a
: There is significant different achievement in learning simple present tense between students are taught by using STAD technique and
students are taught by using Grammar Translation Method.
B. RESEARCH FINDINGS
1. The Description of Data
The data were collected from students’ pre-test and post-test both two classes. The data which is obtained is described into two
tables. The students’ achievements in the experiment class were presented in the table 3.1 and the students’ achievements’ in the
control class were presented in table 3.2. Each table has four columns; the first column shows the number of students, the second and the
third column show pre-test and post-test scores, and the last column shows the gained scores which are obtained from post-test score is
subtracted pre-test score. The tables as follow:
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