calculation of result of the test by changing the result of errors into percentage. Next, she makes graphic of writing error based on the
calculation.
2. The Analysis of Data
From the data collected, the writer found thirteen types of errors of the writing. The focus of errors will be analyzed, as the following criteria;
a. The Analysis of Error Types.
After identifying each student’s error, the writer would like to analyze the students’ error in their writing based on their types of their
error. They are: 1
Article In Indonesian writing, there is no need to use article. It
influences the students in their writing. Some students use wrong articles in their composition. They were confused to use a or an
before singular noun that is initialized with vowel, for examples: Table 4
Error in Article
Corpus Reconstruction
1. Young Red Cross is a
extracurriculer movement in sector humanity and healthty.
2. MAN 2 BOGOR is a Islamic high
School in Bogor 1.
Young Red Cross is an
extracurricular movement in sector of humanity and healthy.
2.
MAN 2 Bogor is an Islamic High
School in Bogor. The students made 3 errors or 0.67.
2 Capitalization
Some students cannot decide whether an expression or a word should be capitalized or not. They used capital letter not in
the certain words or, simply said, out of the rules. They also used the wrong capital letter in particular words. They did not put any
capital letter at the beginning of the sentence, in the name of a person, place, and abbreviation. Also, they used capital letter in the
middle of the sentence, for examples: Table 5
Error in Capitalization
Corpus Reconstruction
1. honeybees used to medicine.
2. he is live in Cijeruk Village.
3. Taman buah Mekarsari is one of the
biggest fruit garden and popular in the Indonesia.
4. “… he is go to mosque raya bogor
for pray Dzuhur”. 1.
Honeybees are used as medicine.
2.
He lives in Cijeruk Village.
3.
Taman Buah Mekarsari is one of
the biggest and popular fruit garden in Indonesia.
4.
“… he goes to mosque of Raya Bogor to pray Dzuhur”.
The students made 68 errors or 15.14. 3
Diction Diction or word choice is choosing the right word in a
sentence. Sometimes one word has the same meaning but has different usage in the sentence. Some students choose the wrong
words whose meaning doesn’t appropriate with the sentence. The result is that a sentence is unclear or the students fail to express
what they mean, for examples: Table 6
Error in Diction
Corpus Reconstruction
1. If you follow in Young Red Cross
you can many study about Humanity and healthty.
2. They can make us happy for doing
activities at house. 3.
MAN 2 too have many kinds Extraculiculer.
4. It’s have 2 direction, science and
social. 5.
The bathroom is seldom to be clean by school watch man.
1.
If you join with Young Red Cross you can study more about
humanity and healthy. 2.
They can make us happy for doing
activities at home.
3.
MAN 2 also has many kinds of
extracurricular. 4.
It has 2 departments; science and
social. 5.
The bathroom is seldom to be
cleaned by the janitor.
6. Young Red Cross in MAN 2 Bogor
have many parts, one of them its me. 6.
Young Red Cross in MAN 2
Bogor has many members, one of them is me.
The students made 20 errors or 4.45, 4
Omissions Sometimes, the students miss several words in their text
when they are writing a composition. There are 30 students that miss some words in their writing. Because of that when the writer
analyzing each of student’s writing, she should add some words to complete their writing. For examples:
Table 7 Error in Omissions
Corpus Reconstruction
1. Lion skin yellow.
2. School area clean and healthy.
3. Koran very important.
4. Garden is place that comfortable
and fresh. 5.
I must sleep 9 clock. 1.
The lion’s skin is yellow.
2.
The school area is clean and
healthy. 3.
The Koran is very important.
4.
Garden is a comfortable and fresh
place. 5.
I must sleep at 9 o’clock.
The students made 61 errors or 13.58. 5
Preposition Some students made error in using preposition. They used
wrong preposition in a sentence, especially in indicating to the address, for examples:
Table 8 Error in Preposition
Corpus Reconstruction
1. It’s location on Padjajaran street
no.6. 2.
The school location in Padjajaran street. No.6.
1.
It is located at Padjajaran street
No. 6. 2.
The school is located at Padjajaran
street No. 6.
The students made 4 errors or 0.89.
6 Pronoun
Some students made errors in using pronoun. The pronoun they choose doesn’t fit with the subject, complement, object, or
possessive, for examples: Table 9
Error in Pronoun
Corpus Reconstruction
1. He is pet animal
2. The rabbit usually eat the carrot or
spinach. He is very happy, if we give it.
1.
It is a pet.
2. The rabbit usually eats the carrot or
spinach. It is very happy if we feed it.
The students made 12 errors or 2.67. 7
Punctuation Some students made errors in punctuation. They didn’t use
punctuation in the end of the sentence, and between independent main clauses and coordinate conjunction, for examples:
Table 10 Error in Punctuation
Corpus Reconstruction
1. “MAN 2 Bogor can be
championship in many Event for example in a week ago …
2. he is famous in group students and
teacher 3.
In MAN 2 Bogor does many Extrakurikuler
1. “MAN 2 Bogor Can Be A
Champion In Many Events, For Example, In A Week Ago …
2. He Is Famous In The Group Of
Students And Teachers.
3. MAN 2 Bogor Has Many
extracurricular.
The students made 15 errors or 3.34.
8 SingularPlural
Some students made mistake in using singular and plural noun. They didn’t use the plural form for the plural nouns, made
errors to the words that come after expression of quantity, and used incorrect irregular plural nouns, for examples:
Table 11 Error in SingularPlural
Corpus Reconstruction
1. Houses are protect place for
Humans of sunshine, rainy and others.
2. All students and teacher must for
read Al-Qur’an 3.
They have six feet, and they have two wing.
4. There are usually fifty three room.
5. All animal afraid him.
1.
Houses are the protective places for
humans from sunshine, rain and others.
2.
All students and teachers must read
Al-Qur’an. 3.
They have six feet and two wings.
4.
There are usually fifty three rooms.
5.
All animals afraid him.
The students made 27 errors or 6.01. 9
Spelling Spelling is how to write a word correctly. More students
misspelled certain words, especially for the English words that changed into Indonesian language and made some incorrectly
separated words, for examples: Table 12
Error in Spelling
Corpus Reconstruction
1. Extraculiculer
2. Favourit
3. Voly ball
4. Sains
5. Scouth
6. Handphone
7. Be cause
1. Extracurricular
2. Favorite
3. Volleyball
4. Science
5. Scout
6. Hand phone
7. Because
The students made 59 errors or 13.14. 10
Verb Tense Most of students made mistake in tense, they were confused
in using tenses in their writings. They made errors in the form of simple present tense, simple past tense, simple continuous tense,
and passive form, for examples: Table 13
Error in Verb Tense
Corpus Reconstruction
1. Last week Young Red Cross win as
a favorite champion in SDB Sasih Darma Bakti.
2. … they went to Bogor Great
Mosque for pray together everyday. 3.
Mr. Kosasih is going to school, everyday.
4. He is seriously if studying and listen
very well. he didn’t much speak. 1.
Last week Young Red Cross won
as a favorite champion in SDB Sasih Darma Bakti.
2.
… they go to Bogor Great Mosque
for praying together everyday. 3.
Mr. Kosasih goes to school
everyday. 4.
He studies seriously and listens
very well. He doesn’t much speak.
The students made 88 errors or 19.6. 11
Word Form Indonesian word form is different with English word form.
They often over generalize the form of words. Some students made errors in using word form in their composition. For instance, they
misuse a word when the sentence followed by modal auxiliary, or using inappropriate word in a sentence like adjective and adverb,
for examples: Table 14
Error in Word Form
Corpus Reconstruction
1. Garden is comport place.
2. The function of them are for sleepy,
having fun together family … 1.
Garden is a comfortable place.
2. The functions of them are for
sleeping, having fun together with family …
3.
We can to pick fruit and to consume
fresh fruit. 3.
We can pick and consume fresh fruit.
The students made 24 errors or 5.35. 12
Word Order This error is, sometimes, the result from immediate
communication strategy when the learner tried to express meaning, which their competence contained no appropriate items on rules at
all. Indonesian word order and English word order are different, for examples:
Table 15 Error in Word Order
Corpus Reconstruction
1. It has exclusive perfume and form
nice. 2.
Address my home at Jln. Mayjen HE. Sukma.
3. my room favorite is my bedroom
4. There is more place interesting.
1. It has exclusive perfume and nice
form. 2.
My address on Jln. Mayjen H.E. Sukma.
3. My favorite room is my bedroom.
4.
There are more interesting places.
. The students made 34 errors or 7.57.
13 Wordiness
In the student’s writing, they sometime added some useless words in a sentence that had better to be omitted. Some students
repeated a word in the same sentence. They also used two words that have equal meanings. It simply means that they say the same
thing twice, for examples: a
Repeated words Table 16
Error in Wordiness
Corpus Reconstructions
1. The Young Red Cross it is a
extracurikuller movement in sector humanity and healthty.
1. The Young Red Cross is an
extracurricular movement in sector of humanity and healthy.
2. Color paint it is white.
2. The paint is white.
b Unnecessary words
Table 17 Error in Wordiness
Corpus Reconstruction
1. In the garden can become place to
playing, to break, etc. 2.
All students and teacher must for read Al-Qur’an.
1. The garden can become a place to
play, to break, etc. 2.
All students and teachers must read Al-Qur’an.
c Redundancies
Table 18 Error in Wordiness
Corpus Reconstruction
1. There are still many more flowers in
Indonesia. 2.
He is pet animal 1.
There are still many flowers in Indonesia.
2. It is a pet.
The students made 34 errors or 7.57.
3. Data Interpretation
