Research M ethodology CRITICISM AGAINST HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN C. HOPE FLINCHBAUGH’S NOVEL Criticism Against Human Rights Violations In C. Hope Flinchbaugh’s Novel Daughter Of China (2002).

404. Then, it w as developed into almost thirt y com ponent s in Universal Declarat ion art icles. The violation relat ed to human right would be overcom e by t he set of law . Non-Governm ent Organization NGO, Amnest y Int ernat ional, Int ernational Court of Human Right s, and Securit y Council occurred t o guarant ee t he prot ect ion of individual right s. Regarding t he aut hor’s role in the production of t he novel, t he social background of t he author plays im port ant part . C. Hope Flinchbaugh is t he author of Daught er of China novel. Her social background as a writ er w ho has t he more int erest and att ent ion to t he problems relat ed t o religion, st at e, children, and hum an right s had influenced Daught er of China. The Evangelical m ission w as em erged as t he ot her finding aft er t he problem s of hum an right s violation. An evangelical is a person w ho spread out the Christ ian belief. Evangelical is anyone w ho has a fully belief and recognit ion of t he exist ence of t he Bible as t he God’s revelat ion by having t he deep underst anding t o be shared t hrough evangelism Balmer, 2004: 236. Then the t erm of evangelism is relat ed t o the action relat ed t o the spreading out of t he Christ ian glory. Evangelism includes t he sharing of com mit m ent t o cert ain essent ial t heological t rut hs and their pract ical implicat ions M it chel, 2003: 107. The exist ence of evangelical and t he rising of Christ ian right became t he special not ion in Unit ed St ates at t he close of the t w entiet h century. President George W. Bush’s religiosit y is param ount since her leadership as t he Governor of Texas. Under his leadership, the Texans becam e more religious Philips, 2004:221. His w inning on Unit ed St at es general elect ion could not be alienat ed from the backing of some religious groups especially evangelicals.

II. Research M ethodology

As t his research exposes and analyses about t he social problems em erged in C. Hope Flinchbaugh’ s novel Daught er of China t he w rit er of t his thesis w ill em ploy qualit ative research m et hod. Denzin and Lincoln as cit ed by Cresw ell 1998: 15, define qualit ative research as follow s: Qualit at ive research is mult imet hod in focus, involving an int erpret ive, nat ur alist ic approach t o it s subject mat t er. This means t hat qualit at ive researches st udy t hings in t heir nat ural set t ings, at t empt ing t o make sense of or int er pr et phenom ena in t erms of meanings people bring t o t hem. Qualit at ive research involves t he st udied use and collect ion of a variet y of em pirical mat erials – case st udy, personal experience, int rospect ive, life st ory, int erview , observat ional, hist orical, int eract ional, and visual t ext s t hat describe rout ine and problemat ic moment s and meaning in individuals’ live. A qualit ative research m et hod elaborat es t he researcher’s underst anding and int erpret at ion of t he case exposed. By em ploying t his research m et hod, t here w ill be t he descript ion, explanat ion, int erpret at ion, and assumption of som e issues from t he dat a obt ained. The object s of t he research are divided into t wo groups, they are mat erial and formal object object s. The m at erial object of this research is a novel w rit t en by C. Hope Flinchbaugh ent itled Daught er of China. Then, the formal object is human right s violation and t he author’s evangelical mission reflect ed in the novel. The dat a sources are divided into the prim ary and secondary dat a. The prim ary dat a is t he novel Daught er of China published by Bet hany House Publishers in 2002. The secondary dat a of this research are books, art icles and academic journals which relevant t o t he t opic of Hum an Right s, t he inform at ion or biography of C. Hope Flinchbaugh as the author, and evangelical m ission. The t echnique of dat a collect ion is not e- t aking. The st eps are reading t he novel m ore t han t hree t im es, signing t he im port ant information, m aking a not e for t he im port ant inform at ion, and the obt ained inform at ion is placed into one file. The t echniques of t he dat a analysis are by classifying t he dat a and then it w ill be cont inued by int erpret ing the obt ained dat a. The st eps are sum m arizing t he source of the dat a, coding t he dat a obt ained, classifying the obt ained dat a, underlying t he im port ant information from the obt ained dat a, organizing t he informat ion from the obt ained dat a, and int erpret ing t he inform at ion from each dat a obt ained.

III. M ain Finding and Discussion