Implementasi Kebijaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 43 tahun 2007

✝ ✝ ✝ ✞ ✟ ✠✡ ODE PENELITIAN

A. Tipe Penelitian

☛☞✌ ✍✎ ✍✏ ✑✒✓✔✎ 200 ✕✖ ✗✘ ✙✒✌ ✚ ✛✔✜✒ ✢✣ ✍ ✛ ✛☞✌✚ ✒✌ ✤☞✌☞ ✥ ✔✏✔✒✌ ✛ ☞✣ ✢ ✎ ✔ ✤ ✏✔ ✦ ✒ ✛✒ ✥ ✒ ✧ ✣ ✍✒✏ ✍ ✤ ☞✌ ☞ ✥ ✔✏✔✒✌ ✙✒✌ ✚ ★ ☞✎✏ ✍✩✍✒✌ ✍ ✌ ✏ ✍✢ ✜ ☞✜★ ✍ ✒✏ ✛ ☞✣ ✢✎✔ ✤ ✣ ✔ , ✚✒✜ ★✒✎ ✒✌ ✒✏✒ ✍ ✥✍✢✔✣ ✒✌ ✣ ☞ ✪ ✒✎ ✒ ✣ ✔✣ ✏☞✜ ✒✏✔✣ ✫ ✦✒ ✢ ✏ ✍✒ ✥ ✛ ✒✌ ✒ ✢ ✍✎✒✏ ✜ ☞✌ ✚☞✌ ✒✔ ✦ ✒ ✢✏✒ - ✦ ✒ ✢✏✒ , ✣ ✔ ✦✒✏ - ✣ ✔ ✦ ✒✏ ✣ ☞✎ ✏✒ ✧✍★ ✍✌✚ ✒✌ ✒✌ ✏✒✎ ✦ ☞✌ ✬ ✜ ☞✌✒ ✙✒✌ ✚ ✛ ✔✣ ☞ ✥ ✔ ✛ ✔ ✢✔ . ✭ ☞✎ ✛ ✒✣ ✒✎ ✢✒✌ ✤☞✌ ✛✒ ✤✒✏ ✏☞✎✣ ☞★ ✍✏ , ✜ ✒ ✢ ✒ ✤ ☞✌ ☞ ✥ ✔✏✔✒✌ ✛ ☞✣ ✢✎✔ ✤ ✏✔ ✦ ✒ ✛✒ ✥ ✒ ✧ ✤☞✌ ☞ ✥ ✔✏✔✒✌ ✙✒✌ ✚ ★ ☞✎✏ ✍ ✩✍ ✒✌ ✍✌✏ ✍ ✢ ✜☞✌ ✚✚ ✒✜★ ✒✎ ✢ ✒✌ ✒✏✒ ✍ ✜☞✌ ✛ ☞✣ ✢ ✎ ✔ ✤ ✣ ✔ ✢ ✒✌ ✣ ☞ ✪ ✒✎ ✒ ✏☞✎ ✤☞✎✔✌ ✪ ✔ ★ ✒✚✒✔✜ ✒✌✒ ✣ ✔ ✦ ✒✏ ✣ ☞✎✏✒ ✧✍★ ✍✌✚ ✒✌ ✒✌ ✏✒✎✒ ✦ ☞✌ ✬ ✜☞✌✒ ✣ ✬ ✣ ✔✒ ✥ ✏☞✎✏☞✌ ✏✍✮ ✯✔ ✛ ✒ ✢ ✏☞✎ ✥ ☞ ✤✒✣ ✛✒✎✔ ✤ ✬ ✢ ✬ ✢ ✤ ☞✎ ✜✒✣ ✒ ✥ ✒ ✧ ✒✌ ✛✒ ✥ ✒✜ ✤☞✌☞ ✥ ✔✏✔✒✌ ✫ ✜ ✒ ✢ ✒ ✏ ✍✩✍✒✌ ✛ ✔ ✥ ✒ ✢ ✍✢✒✌✌ ✙✒ ✤☞✌☞ ✥ ✔✏✔✒✌ ✛ ☞✣ ✢✎✔ ✤✣ ✔ ✔✌✔ ✒ ✛ ✒ ✥ ✒ ✧ ✍✌✏ ✍ ✢ ✜☞✌ ✛ ☞✣ ✢ ✎ ✔✤✣ ✔ ✢ ✒✌ ★ ✒✚✒✔✜ ✒✌✒ ☞ ✦ ☞ ✢ ✏✔ ✰✔✏✒✣ ✭ ✒ ✛✒✌ ✱☞ ✤ ☞ ✚✒✲✒✔✒✌ ✳ ✒☞✎✒ ✧ ✛✒ ✥ ✒✜ ✴ ☞✌ ☞✜ ✤✒✏✒✌ ✴ ☞✚✒✲✒✔ ✑☞✚ ☞✎✔ ✵ ✔ ✤ ✔ ✥ ✛ ✔ ✶ ✔✌ ✚ ✢✍✌ ✚✒✌ ✵ ☞ ✢ ✎ ☞✏✒✎✔✒✏ ✳ ✒☞✎✒ ✧ ✴ ✎ ✬ ✰ ✔✌ ✣ ✔ ✶ ✒✜ ✤ ✍ ✌ ✚ .

B. Pendekatan Penelitian

✴ ☞✌☞ ✥ ✔✏✔✒✌ ✔✌✔ ✜☞✜✔ ✥ ✔ ✢✔ ✏ ✍✩✍✒✌ ✍✌✏ ✍ ✢ ✜ ☞✌✚ ✒✌✒ ✥ ✔✣ ✔✣ ✛✒✌ ✜ ☞✌✚ ✚✒✜★ ✒✎ ✢ ✒✌ ✜☞✌ ✚☞✌ ✒✔ ☞ ✦ ☞ ✢ ✏✔ ✰✔✏✒✣ ✭ ✒ ✛✒✌ ✱☞ ✤☞✚✒ ✲✒✔✒✌ ✳ ✒☞✎ ✒ ✧ ✛✒ ✥ ✒✜ ✴ ☞✌ ☞✜ ✤✒✏✒✌ ✴ ☞✚ ✒✲✒✔ ✑☞✚☞✎✔ ✵ ✔ ✤✔ ✥ ✛ ✔ ✶ ✔✌ ✚ ✢✍✌ ✚✒✌ ✵ ☞ ✢✎☞✏✒✎ ✔✒✏ ✳ ✒ ☞✎✒ ✧ ✴ ✎ ✬ ✰✔✌✣ ✔ ✶ ✒✜ ✤ ✍ ✌ ✚ , ✣ ☞ ✧ ✔ ✌✚ ✚✒ ✏☞✎✚ ✬ ✥ ✬ ✌ ✚ ✤✒ ✛✒ ✤ ☞✌ ☞ ✥ ✔✏✔✒✌ ✛ ☞✌ ✚✒✌ ✜☞✌ ✚ ✚ ✍ ✌ ✒ ✢✒✌ ✤☞✌ ✛ ☞ ✢✒✏✒✌ ✢ ✍ ✒ ✥ ✔✏✒✏✔ ✦ . ✷ ✸✹✺ ✻✼ ✻✽ ✾ ✿❀ ❁❂✺ ❁❂✺ ❃❂❄❅ ✿ ✼ 200 ❆ ❇✹✺ ❁ ✹ ❈❉ ✺ ❉ ❊ ❉ ❋❂✺ ❋ ✻❂❅ ❉ ✽❂✽ ❉❈ ❂ ❁ ❂❅❂ ● ❊ ✹❍❂ ❀❂ ❉ ■ ✼ ✿ ❊ ✹ ❁✻✼ ■ ✹✺ ✹❅ ❉ ✽ ❉ ❂✺ ❄❂✺ ❀ ❇✹✺ ❀ ●❂❊ ❉ ❅❋❂✺ ❁ ❂✽❂ ❁✹❊ ❋✼ ❉ ■ ✽ ❉❈ ❍ ✹✼ ✻ ■ ❂ ❋ ❂✽❂ - ❋❂✽❂ ✽ ✻ ❅ ❉ ❊ ❂✺ ❏ ❅ ❉ ❊ ❂✺ ❁ ❂✼ ❉ ✿✼❂✺ ❀ ❅❂ ❉ ✺ ❏ ■ ✹✼ ❉ ❅❂❋ ✻ ❄❂✺ ❀ ❁❂ ■ ❂✽ ❁ ❉ ❂❇❂✽ ❉ . ❑✹✺✹❅ ❉ ✽ ❉ ❂✺ ❋ ✻ ❂❅ ❉ ✽❂✽ ❉❈ ❇✹✼ ✻ ■ ❂❋ ❂✺ ■ ✹✺✹❅ ❉ ✽ ❉ ❂✺ ❄❂✺❀ ❍ ✹✼ ✻❊ ❂ ● ❂ ❇ ✹❅ ❉● ❂✽ ❋✹❍ ✹✺❂✼ ❂✺ - ❋ ✹❍✹✺ ❂✼❂✺ ❂✽❂ ✻ ❇✹❇ ❍✹✺ ❂✼❋❂✺ ❋✹❍ ✹✺❂ ✼❂✺ , ✺❂❇ ✻ ✺ ❁ ❉ ❁❂❅❂❇ ❇ ✹❅ ❉● ❂✽ ❋ ✹❍✹✺ ❂✼❂✺ ✽✹✼❊ ✹❍ ✻✽ , ✽ ❉❁ ❂❋ ❊ ✹❅❂❅ ✻ ❁ ❂ ■ ❂✽ ❁❂✺ ▲ ✻❋ ✻ ■ ❁ ❉ ❁❂ ■ ❂✽ ❁✹✺❀ ❂✺ ❇✹❅ ❉●❂✽ ❊ ✹❊ ✻❂✽ ✻ ❄❂✺ ❀ ✺❄❂✽ ❂ , ❂❋❂✺ ✽ ✹✽❂ ■ ❉ ❋❂ ❁❂✺❀ ❋❂❅❂ ■ ✹✼❅ ✻ ■ ✻❅❂ ❇✹❅ ❉● ❂✽ ❊ ✹❊ ✻ ❂✽ ✻ ❄❂✺ ❀ ❍✹ ✼❊ ❉❈ ❂✽ ✽✹✼❊ ✹❇❍ ✻ ✺ ❄ ❉ , ❁❂✺ ●❂✼ ✻❊ ❇✹❅❂ ▲ ❂❋ ✺ ❄❂ ❅✹❍ ❉● ▼ ❂ ✻ ● ❋✹ ❍❂❅ ❉ ❋ ❊ ✹❊ ✻❂✽ ✻ ❄❂✺ ❀ ✺ ❄❂✽❂ ✽✹✼ ❊ ✹❍ ✻ ✽ .

C. Fokus Penelitian

◆ ✿ ❋ ✻ ❊ ❁ ❂❅❂❇ ■ ✹✺ ✹❅ ❉ ✽ ❉ ❂✺ ❉ ✺ ❉ ❂ ❁❂❅❂ ● ❂❋ ✻✺✽❂❍ ❉ ❅ ❉ ✽❂❊ ✹ ❈ ✹❋✽ ❉❖ ❉ ✽❂❊ ✾ ❂ ❁ ❂✺ P ✹ ■ ✹❀ ❂ ◗ ❂ ❉ ❂✺ ❘ ❂✹✼❂ ● ❁❂❅❂❇ ❑✹✺✹❇ ■ ❂✽❂✺ ❑✹❀❂ ◗ ❂ ❉ ❙ ✹❀✹✼ ❉ ❚ ❉ ■ ❉ ❅ ❁ ❉ ❯ ❉ ✺ ❀❋ ✻ ✺ ❀❂✺ ❚ ✹❋✼✹✽❂✼ ❉ ❂✽ ❘ ❂✹✼ ❂ ● ❑✼ ✿❖ ❉ ✺❊ ❉ ❯ ❂❇ ■ ✻✺❀ ✽✹✼ ❁ ❉ ✼ ❉ ❁ ❂✼ ❉❱ 1. ❚ ✹❅✹❋ ❊ ❉ , ❲ ✺ ❁ ❉ ❋❂✽ ✿✼✺ ❄❂ ❂ . ❚ ✹❅✹❋❊ ❉ ❳ ❁❇ ❉ ✺ ❉ ❊ ✽✼❂❊ ❉ ❍ ❨ ❲ ✺✽✹❀ ✼ ❉ ✽❂❊ ▲ . ❩ ❊ ❉ ❂ ❁ ❂✺ ✸❂❊ ❂ ❑✹✺ ❀❂❍ ❁❉❂✺ 2. ❑✹✺ ✹✽❂ ■ ❂✺ ❬ ❲ ✺ ❁❉ ❋ ❂✽ ✿✼✺ ❄❂ ❂ . ❑✼ ✿❈✹❊ ❉✿✺❂❅ ❍ ❨ P ✿ ❇ ■ ✹✽✹✺ ❊ ❉ ◆❂❋✽ ✿✼ - ❈ ❂❋ ✽✿✼ ❄❂✺❀ ❇✹✺ ■ ✹✺❀ ❂✼ ✻● ❉ ❁ ❂❅❂❇ ■ ✼ ✿❊ ✹❊ ✼ ✹❋✼ ✻❉ ✽❇✹✺ ❭ ❑ ❙❚ ❁❉ ❑✼ ✿❖ ❉ ✺❊ ❉ ❯ ❂❇ ■ ✻✺❀ . ◆ ❂❋ ✽ ✿ ✼ ❲ ✺ ✽✹✼✺ ❂❅ ❂ ❁❂❅❂ ● ❈ ❂❋✽ ✿✼ - ❈ ❂❋ ✽ ✿ ✼ ❄❂✺ ❀ ❍✹✼ ❂❊ ❂❅ ❁ ❂✼ ❉ ❁ ❂❅ ❂❇ ❪❫❴❵❛ ❫ ❅ ❉ ✺❀ ❋ ✻ ■ ✾ P❘ ❑✼ ✿ ❖❉ ✺ ❊ ❉ ❯ ❂❇ ■ ✻ ✺ ❀ ❄❂✺ ❀ ❇ ✹✺ ■ ✹✺ ❀❂✼ ✻ ●❉ ■ ✹✼ ❂✺✺ ❄❂ ❁ ❂❅❂❇ ■ ✹✺✹❇ ■ ❂✽❂✺ ❑✹❀ ❂ ◗ ❂ ❉ ❙ ✹❀ ✹✼ ❉ ❚ ❉ ■ ❉ ❅ . ❜ ❝❞❡ ❢❣❤✐❥ ❦ ❧ ❣❧ ❦❤ ❞ ♠ ❤ . ♥ ❥ ✐ ❢ ♦ ❤ ♣ ❢ , ❤❡❤ q ❤ r ♣ st ❤ ✉ ❤ ❢ ♣ ❧ ❤✐❧ ✈s ❦ ❧ t ❤ r ❤ ❞ ✐ s ❞ ❤ ✉ ❤ ✇ ❤ ❞ ✉ ❡ ❢ ✐ ❤ ❞❡❤ ❢ ❥ q s r ❡❥ ❦ ❥ ❞ ✉ ❤ ❞ s ① s ❣ ✐ ❢① ❡❤ ❞ ❦ s ❤ ❣ ♣ ❢ - ❦ s ❤❣ ♣ ❢ ✈ s ❞ ② ❤ ✈ ❤ ❢ ❤ ❞ ✐❧ ③ ❧ ❤ ❞④ t ④ ⑤ s ❦ ❤ ❞ ❣ s q s ⑥t ❤ ✉ ❤❤ ❞ ⑥s ❦ ❧ ✈ ❤ ❣❤ ❞ ✐ ❢❞ ✉ ❣ ❤ r q ❤ ❣ ❧ ✇ ❤ ❞ ✉ ❡ ❢ r ❤ ❦ ❤ ✈ ❣ ❤ ❞ ❡❤ ❦ ❢ ❥ ❦ ❤ ❞ ✉ ✇ ❤ ❞ ✉ ⑥s ⑥ ❢ q ❢❣ ❢ ❣ s ❡❧ ❡❧ ❣ ❤ ❞ ❤✐❤❧ ♣ ✐❤✐❧ ♣ ④ ⑦ ❤❣✐❥ ❦ ⑧❣ ♣ ✐ s ❦❞❤ q ❤❡ ❤ q ❤ r ① ❤ ❣ ✐❥ ❦ - ① ❤ ❣✐ ❥ ❦ ✇ ❤ ❞ ✉ ts ❦❤ ♣ ❤ q ❡ ❤ ❦❢ q ❧ ❤ ❦ ⑨⑩❶ ❷⑨❸ ❹ ✇ ❤ ❞ ✉ ⑥ s ⑥ ✈ s ❞ ✉ ❤ ❦ ❧ r ❢ ✈ ❦ ❥ ♣ s ♣ ✈s ❞ s ⑥✈ ❤✐❤ ❞ ⑤ s✉ ❤ ❺ ❤ ❢ ❻s✉s ❦❢ ❼ ❢ ✈ ❢ q ⑥ s q ❤ q ❧ ❢ ✈s ❦ ❤ ❞ ❽ ❾❿ ⑤ ❦ ❥ ♦ ❢❞ ♣ ❢ ➀ ❤ ⑥ ✈ ❧ ❞ ✉ . ❝❞❡ ❢❣❤✐❥ ❦ ❧ ❣❧ ❦ ❤ ❞ ♠ ❤ . ➁s ❣ ❤ ❞❤❞ ➂ ❢❞ ✐ s ❦ ♦s ❞ ♣ ❢ ❤❡❤ q ❤ r ② ❤ ⑥ ✈ ❧ ❦ ✐❤ ❞ ✉ ❤ ❞ ✇ ❤ ❞ ✉ t s ❦ q st ❢ r ❤ ❞ ❡ ❤ q ❤ ⑥ ❧ ❦❧ ♣ ❤ ❞ ♣ ❥ ♣ ❢ ❤ q , ✈ ❥ q ❢ ✐ ❢❣➃ s ❣ ❥ ❞ ❥ ⑥ ❢ ❡❤ ❞ t ❧❡ ❤ ✇ ❤ . t ④ ⑤ s ❞ ✉ ❤ ❺ ❤ ♣ ❤ ❞ ❤❡ ❤ q ❤ r ♣ s✉ ❤ q ❤ ❧ ♣ ❤ r ❤ ❤✐❤❧ ❣ s✉ ❢ ❤✐❤ ❞ ❧ ❞ ✐❧ ❣ ⑥ s ❞ ✉s ✐❤ r ❧ ❢ ❡ ❤ ❞ ⑥s ❞❢ q ❤ ❢ ❣ s ❞ ✇ ❤✐❤❤ ❞ ✇ ❤ ❞ ✉ ♣ sts ❞❤ ❦❞ ✇ ❤ ⑥ s ❞ ✉s ❞❤ ❢ ✈ s q ❤ ❣ ♣ ❤ ❞❤❤ ❞ ✐❧ ✉ ❤ ♣ ❤✐❤❧ ❣ s✉ ❢ ❤✐❤ ❞ ❤ ✈ ❤ ❣ ❤ r ♣ s ♣ ❧ ❤ ❢ ❡ s ❞ ✉ ❤ ❞ ♣ s ⑥s ♣ ✐ ❢❞ ✇ ❤ ❤✐❤❧ ✐ ❢ ❡❤ ❣ ④

D. Sumber Data

♥ s ❞ ❧ ❦ ❧ ✐ ➀❥ ① ✐ q ❤ ❞❡ ❡❤ ❞ ➀ ❥ ① ✐ q ❤ ❞❡ 2004 ♠ 4 ➄ ♣ ❧ ⑥ts ❦ ❡❤✐❤ ❧ ✐ ❤ ⑥ ❤ ✈ ❤❡ ❤ ✈s ❞ s q ❢ ✐ ❢ ❤ ❞ ❣ ❧ ❤ q ❢ ✐❤✐ ❢① ❢ ❤ q ❤ r ❣ ❤✐❤ - ❣ ❤✐❤ ❡❤ ❞ ✐ ❢❞ ❡ ❤ ❣ ❤ ❞ ➃ ♣ s q st ❢ r ❞ ✇ ❤ ❤❡ ❤ q ❤ r ❡ ❤✐❤ ✐❤ ⑥t ❤ r ❤ ❞ ♣ s ✈s ❦ ✐ ❢ ♣ ❧ ⑥ t s ❦ ❡ ❤✐❤ ✐ s ❦ ✐❧ q ❢ ♣ ④ ➅ ❡ ❤ ✈ ❧ ❞ ♣ ❧ ⑥ t s ❦ ❡ ❤✐❤ ❡ ❤ q ❤ ⑥ ✈s ❞ s q ❢ ✐ ❢ ❤ ❞ ❢❞❢ ❤❡❤ q ❤ r ♠ 1. ❿ ❤✐❤ ⑤ ❦❢ ⑥s ❦ ❿ ❤✐❤ ✈ ❦❢ ⑥s ❦ ✇ ❤ ❞ ✉ ❡ ❢ ✉ ❧ ❞ ❤ ❣❤ ❞ ❤❡❤ q ❤ r ✇ ❤ ❞ ✉ t s ❦ ❤ ♣ ❤ q ❡❤ ❦❢ r ❤ ♣ ❢ q ❺ ❤ ❺ ❤ ❞ ② ❤ ❦ ❤ . ❼ ❧ ⑥ts ❦ ❡ ❤✐ ❤ ❡❤ ✈ ❤✐ ❡ ❢ ✐❧ q ❢ ♣ ❤✐❤❧ ❡ ❢❦ s ❣❤ ⑥ . ➁ s ❣ ❞❢❣ ✈s ⑥ ❢ q ❢ r ❤ ❞ ❥ ❦ ❤ ❞ ✉ ✇ ❤ ❞ ✉ ❤ ❣❤ ❞ ❡ ❢ ❺ ❤ ❺ ❤ ❞ ② ❤ ❦ ❤ ❢ ❡ ❢ q ❤ ❣❧ ❣❤ ❞ ♣ s ② ❤ ❦ ❤ ➆ ➇ ❸ ➆ ➈ ❶ ➉➊ ⑨ . ➅ q ❤ ♣ ❤ ❞ ✈ s ⑥ ❤ ❣ ❤ ❢❤ ❞ ✐ s ❣❞ ❢❣ ➆ ➇ ❸ ➆ ➈ ❶ ➉➊ ⑨ ❶ ➋ ➌ ➆ ➍ ➉ ❹➎ ❡ ❢ ♣ st ❤ t ❣ ❤ ❞ ❥ q s r t s ❞ ✐❧ ❣ ❡❤ ❞ ②❢❦❢ ✈ s ❞ s q ❢ ✐ ❢ ❤ ❞ ❢❞❢ ♣ s ❞❡ ❢❦❢ ✇ ❤ ❢ ✐❧ ❧ ❞✐❧ ❣ ⑥ s ❞❡❤ ✈ ❤✐ ❣ ❤ ❞ ❢❞①❥ ❦ ⑥ ❤ ♣ ❢ - ❢❞ ① ❥ ❦ ⑥ ❤ ♣ ❢ ✇ ❤ ❞ ✉ ♣ s ♣ ❧ ❤ ❢ ❡ s ❞ ✉ ❤ ❞ ✐❧ ③ ❧ ❤ ❞