CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS AND THEORETICAL,
FRAMEWORK
Review of literature consists of review from previous studies about language, context, and text. Meanwhile, concepts are derived from some theories which are
relevant to this study. Then, theoretical framework consists of theory that is adopted to be applied to analyze the data.
2.1 Review of Literatures
Study of literature has become the oldest form of study in language use. Literature has been traditionally understood and broadly concerned with having dual
purposes of entertaining and educating its audience. This part of the study presents the reviews of three undergraduate papers and an article about figurative language.
Wikipedia literary There are three writings reviewed which are related to the topic of this study:
the writing by Larasati 2011 with her reseacrh entitled “Figurative Languages in Nichols’ The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping”. It was focused in analyzing the
figurative language that Nichols’ used to convey his emotion to be able to describe the meaning of the poem. The object of her study was a poem entitled “TheFat Black
Woman Goes Shopping”. After analyzing the poem, Larasati found three figures of
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speech that are used to expressthe emotion of the author; they are simile, personification and hyperbole. She found the meaning of figurative word in the poem.
They are conceptual meaning and connotative meaning. Then she also uncovered the implicit meaning of the poem.
Prabangkara 2008 with her research entitled “Figurative Language Found in Sir Philip Sydney’s “My True Love Hath My Heart “. Her study was focused on
analyzing the figurative language that Sir Philip Sidney used to convey his emotions that support the meaning of the poem. Prabangkara found four figures of speech used
by the poet to express his emotion; they were metaphor, personification, synecdoche and metonymy. She found out that the function of figurative language in this poem
was to give more explanation about the meaning of the poem in every line in each stanza. She revealed the meaning of the poem by analyzing figurative language,
image, symbol and sound. In her writing, Prabangkara analyzed that the meaning of the poem was the reflection of the poet’s mind that was falling in love with a girl. In
that poem, Sir Philip Sidney presented nature as the expression of pleasure, bliss and feelings owned by lovers in waiting each other.
The last paper reviewed is “The Analysis of Figurative Language Employed in William Wordsworth’s “The World is too much With Us.”by Setianingsih 2006.
In her study, the discussion was focused on the types of figurativelanguage used in the poem and the message that the poet wants to convey through the use of figurative
language. She found seven types of figurative language present in the poem, namely
hyperbole, personification, simile, metaphor, metonymy, irony and allusion. After analyzing the data, she discovered that the poem “The World Is too Much With Us”
tells about love of nature. Moreover, the message that she got from the poem was that human being should pay attention to nature because it is really important for him.The
poem is about people are so consumed by consumerism that they are no longer moved by nature. It means the speaker accusesthe modern age of having lost its
connection to nature and to everything meaningful, but therere more in the poem than just a gripe about humanitys inability to say, Oh my gosh, that is the most beautiful
ocean Ive ever seen. According to this poem, mankinds alienation from nature is also the sign of a much deeper problem, the loss or destruction of something as
important as our hearts. The studies by Larasati , Prabangkara and Setianingsih explained about
figurative language and the meaning of the poems. They reveal what messages the poets want to convey through the poems. The three writers Larasati, Prabangkara and
Setianingsih study about the meanings of the poem itmight look similar on the surface but this present study. I analyzed the meaning of figurative words employed in the
poem based on the theory proposed by Geoffrey leech. It will make the reader understand more about the poem than analyzing it based only on concept of figurative
language in the poem. The article reviewed in this work was an article “Journal of English
Literature” entitled Symbol, Metaphors and Similes in literature: a case of study
“Animal Farm “by Elaheh Fadae. He reviewed about one of the aims of literary text: To say as much as possible as briefly as possible, it means to tell more in few words
to achieve a maximum effectiveness. In this case, figures of speech, specifically symbol, metaphor and simile have an important role, as they include figurative
meaning of words besides their literary meaning. Also in this article, symbols, metaphor and similes in George Orwell “ Animal Farm “ were studied to find out the
effect of using figurative of speech on the writer’s style and the addressee’s understanding. For this aim, these three figures of speech were founded in the novel
and their types were determined according to Newmark’s 1988b , Fromilhague’s 1955 and Rokni’s 2009 classifications, respectively.
Figures of speech are imaginative tools in both literature and ordinary communications used for explaining speech beyond its usual usage. The language
that uses figures of speech is called “figurative language “and its purpose is to serve three elements of clarity, forth and beauty in the language” Tajali , 2003: 100
2.2 Concepts
Kategori