Sistem Informasi

  

Sistem Informasi

  

IF35317

Teknik Informatika

UNIVERSITAS KOMPUTER IF35317

  • – Sistem Informasi

   Pengajar : Irfan Maliki

Email : sisteminformasi09@gmail.com

Bobot : 3 SKS Penilaian

  • Kehadiran : 10 % (min hadir 70%)
  • Tugas : 20 – 25 %
  • UTS : 30 – 35 %
  • UAS : 30 – 35 %

  Mahasiswa masuk ruang kuliah sebelum pengajar masuk ruang kuliah

  

Text Book

  Alter, Steven. (2002). Information System Foundation of E-Business . Prentice Hall

   O’Brien, James A & Marakas, George M. (2008).

  Introduction to Information System . McGraw- Hill.

   Jessup & Valacich. (1999). Information System Foundations . Que E&T.

   Stair & Reynolds. (2006). Principles of Information Systems, 7th Edition .Thomson

   Davis & Yen. (1999). System Analysis and Design . CRC

   Langer, Arthur. (2008). Analysis and Design of

  Rencana Perkuliahan 

  Pendahuluan 

  Sistem dan Sistem Informasi 

  Klasifikasi Sistem dan Tipe IS 

  Proses Bisnis 

  Manajemen data 

  Organisasi 

  SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)

  Introduction What is a system? 

  A system

  • Is a set of interrelated components
  • With a clearly defined boundary
  • Working together to achieve a common set of objectives

  

Information System Definition

  “...are combination of hardware ,

  

software , and telecommunication

networks wich people build and use to

collect , create , and distribute useful

data typically in organization settings”

  

(Jessup & Valacich, 1999)

  

Work System & Information System

  

A “frame work” is a brief set of ideas and

assumsptions for organizing a thought

process about a particular type of thing or

situation

  

A “frame work” is typically used to create

model, a useful representation of spesific situation or thing

  

Work System & Information System

(Steven Alter, 2002)

Work System is system in which human

participants and/or machines perform a business

process using information, technology, and other

resources to produce products and/or services for internal or external customers.

   Information System is a work system whose business process is devoted to capturing , transmitting , storing , retrieving , manipulating , and displaying information , therby supporting other work systems.

  

Information System (IS) versus Information Technology

(IT)

  IS is all the components and resources necessary to deliver information and functions to the organization

  IT is hardware, software, networking and data management In theory, IS could be paper based But we will focus on Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS)

  IS Knowledge Framework for Business Professionals What should a Business Professional know

about IS?

  Foundation Concepts: fundamental behavioral, technical, business and managerial concepts Information Technology: Hardware, software, networks, data management and Internet-based technology

Business Applications: Major uses of the IS in the

organization Development Processes: How to plan, develop and implement IS to meet business opportunities

  Management Challenges: The challenges of effectively and ethically managing IT

Role and Goals of IS 1

  Increase Employee Productivity 2. Enhace Decision Making 3. Improve Team Collaboration 4. Create Business Partnerships and Alliances 5. Enable Global Reach 6.

  Facilitate Organizational Transformation

  

Increase Employee Productivity

  Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) the gathering of input information, processing that

information, and updating existing information to

reflect the gathered and processed information

  Transaction Processing System (TPS) process transactions that occur within an organization Customer Integrated System (CIS) an extension of a TPS that places technology in the

hands of an organizations’s customers and allows

them to process their own transactions.

  Increase Employee Productivity

  

Enhace Decision Making

  Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) the manipulation of information to support decision making.

   Artificial Intelligence the science of making machines imitate human thinking and behaviour.

   Neural Network

an artificial intelligence that is capable of

finding and differentiating patterns.

  

Enhace Decision Making

  Executive Information System (EIS)

a highly interactive IT system that allows you to

first view highly summarized information and then

choose how you would like to see greater detail,

wich may alert you to potential problem or opportunity

  Improve Team Collaboration

  Collaboration System designed specifically to improve the performance of teams by supporting the sharing and flow of information.

   Groupware

software components that supports the

collaborative efforts of a team.

  Improve Team Collaboration

  Groupware contains support for :

  • Team dynamics
  • Document management

  

Group document database – act as a

powerfull storage facility for organizing and managing all documents related to spesific teams.

  • Applications development

  Create Business Partnerships and Alliances

   Interorganizational System (IOS) automates the flow of information between organizations to support the planning, design,

development, production, and delivery products

and services.

  Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) the direct computer to computer transfer of transaction information contained in standard business documents, such as invoices and purchase orders, in standard format.

  Enable Global Reach

  Business today is global business 

  Culture

the collective personality of nation or

society, encompassing language,

traditions, currency, religion, history,

music, and acceptable behavior, among other things.

  Facilitate Organizational Transformation

   Organizational transformation is necessary to respond to the everchanging needs (and wants of today’s marketplace

   Blockbuster now provides movies on a pay-per-view rental basis throug cable

  To Gain Competitive Advantage (Porter, 1980) What does IS do for a business?

  Trends in Information Systems

  Types of IS Operations support systems 

  What are they?

  • Efficiently process business transactions
  • Control industrial processes
  • Support communications and collaboration
  • Update corporate databases
Types of Operations Support Systems 

  Transaction Processing Systems

  • Record and process data from business transactions
  • Examples: sales processing, inventory systems,

  accounting systems Process Control Systems

  • Monitor and control physical processes
  • Example: in a petroleum refinery use sensors to

  monitor chemical processes Enterprise Collaboration Systems

  • • Enhance team and work group communications

  • Examples: e-mail, videoconferencing
Two ways to process transactions 

  Batch Processing:

  • Accumulate transactions over time and process periodically
  • Example: a bank processes all checks received in a batch at night

   Online Processing:

  • Process transactions immediately
  • Example: a bank processes an ATM withdrawal immediately
What are they?

  Management Support Systems 

  • Provide information and support for effective decision making by managers

  

Types of Management Support Systems

  Management Information Systems (MIS)

  • Provide reports and displays to managers
  • Example: daily sales analysis reports

  Decision Support Systems (DSS)

  • Provide interactive ad hoc support for decision making
  • Example: A what-if-analysis to determine where

  to spend advertising dollars Executive Information Systems (EIS)

  • Provide critical information for executives and managers
  • • Example: easy access to actions of competitors

Operational or Management Systems 

  Expert Systems

  • Provide expert advice
  • Example: credit application advisor

   Knowledge Management Systems

  • Support creation, organization and dissemination of business knowledge throughout company
  • Example: Intranet access to best business practices

  

Classifications of IS by scope

  Functional business systems

  • Focus on operational and managerial applications of basic business functions
  • Examples: support accounting, finance or marketing

  Strategic information systems

  • • Help get a strategic advantage over its customers

  • • Examples: shipment tracking, e-commerce web

  systems Cross-functional information systems

  • Systems that are combinations of several types of information systems
  • Provide support for many functions
Challenges and Opportunities of IT

  Measuring success of an IS 

  Efficiency

  • • Minimize cost, time and use of information

  resources Effectiveness

  • Support business strategies
  • Enable business processes
  • Enhance organizational structure and culture
  • Increase the customer and business value

  Developing IS Solutions Ethical challenges of IT applications

Attacks on Businesses and Other Organizations in One Year

  The Cost and Cause of Computer Attacks

  What is a system? 

  A system

  • Is a set of interrelated components
  • With a clearly defined boundary
  • Working together to achieve a common set of objectives
  • By accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process

  

Systems have three basic functions:

  

Input involves capturing and assembling

elements that enter the system to be processed Processing involves transformation process that convert input into output Output involves transferring elements that have been produced by the transformation process to their ultimate destination

  

Cybernetic system

All systems have input, processing and output

  

A cybernetic system , a self-monitoring, self-

regulating system, adds feedback and control:

  • Feedback is data about the performance of

  a system

  • Control involves monitoring and evaluating

  feedback to determine whether a system is moving towards the achievement of its goal

  A Cybernetic system

  A business as a system Information systems model

  

Components of an IS

  People Resources

  • End users: the people who use the IS or the information from the IS
  • IS specialists: the people who develop and operate

  IS Hardware Resources

  • All physical devices used in information processing
  • Machines, data media, peripherals

  Software Resources

  • • All information processing instructions including

    programs and procedures
  • System software, application software and procedures

  (cont.) Components of an IS

   Data Resources

  • • Facts about the business transactions

  • • Processed and organized information

  • Databases of organized data

   Network Resources

  • Communications media
  • Network infrastructure: hardware and software
  • • The Internet, intranets and extranets

  Components of an IS

(cont.)

  

Data versus Information

  Data are raw facts about physical phenomena or

 Information is data that has been converted into

business transactions meaningful and useful context for end users Example:

  • Sales data is names, quantities and dollar amounts
  • Sales information is amount of sales by product type, sales territory or salesperson

  Type of Data Transforming Data into Information

Input of data resources

  

IS Activities

  • Data entry activities Processing of data into information
  • E.g., calculate, compare, sort, classify, summarize Output of information products
  • Messages, reports, forms and graphic images Storage of data resources
  • Data elements and databases Control of system performance
  • Monitoring and evaluating feedback
As a business professional, you should be able to look at an IS and identify

  

Recognizing IS

  • The people, hardware, software, data and network resources they use
  • • The type of information products they

    produce
  • The way they perform input, processing,

    output, storage and control activities

  Tugas Email dengan nama sebenarnya.

  Format subjek :

  • Tugas1 Nama Kelas

  Kirim ke :

  

  Tanggal : Kamis, 1 Oktober 09 Batas waktu : 23.59’ WIB

  Proses Bisnis

  SDLC Process

  A Brief History Of Process

Perkembangan Proses 1

  The Age of the Crafts worker 2. The Age of the Factory 3. The Age of Specialist 4. Reengineering

  The Age of Crafts Worker 

  Terjadi pada kurun waktu pertengahan abad 18, sebelum revolusi Industri Kebanyakan produk dihasilkan oleh pengrajin Proses dan produk tidak ada bedanya, sehingga mengukur pekerjaan sama halnya dengan mengukur hasil dari pekerjaan itu. Seluruh pekerjaan dikerjakan di satu tempat.

  

Satu pekerja dapat mengerjakan keseluruhan

proses, mulai dari membuat produk, memasarkan, merancang, dan memberi

  

The Age of Crafts Worker

Kelebihan:

  Pekerja mengetahui dengan jelas siapa konsumen produknya, apa barang dan jasa yang diproduksi, dan apa tujuannya. Konsumen hanya perlu menghubungi satu kontak untuk permasalahan apapun.

Perajin mengetahui proses yang terjadi dari awal hingga akhir.

Tidak terjadi miskomunikasi antara spesialisasi yang berbeda.

  Kelemahan: Terdapat satu titik penyebab kegagalan. Kualitas menurun, pekerja tidak seluruhnya memiliki kemampuan baik di semua aspek. Output terbatas,

  

The Age of Factory

  Didorong oleh penemuan mesin uap oleh James Watt.

  

  Mulai ada pembagian pekerjaan (spesialisasi) dalam organisasi.

  

  Jumlah produksi per pekerja meningkat drastis. Efisiensi produksi meningkat.

  

  Suksesnya pembagian kerja meningkatkan efiensi, divisi kerja dibentuk dengan spesialisasi yang lebih fokus.

  

The Age of the Specialists

  

Revolusi industri menyebabkan kebutuhan akan spesialis

pada organisasi meningkat. Spesialis yang dibutuhkan tidak

hanya pada bidang manufaktur, tapi juga pada area-area

seperti keuangan, akuntansi, hukum, sumber daya manusia, pemasaran, dan lainnya.

  Mulai dilakukan usaha penyempurnaan produk dengan pemanfatan research & development, teknik, dan perencanaan manufaktur.

  Mulai ada manajer professional yang bertugas untuk melakukan perencanaaan, pengorganisasian, dan pengontrolan.

  Organisasi mulai dibangun dengan struktur yang berdasarkan pembagian fungsi (organisasi fungsional). The Age of Factory & The Age of Specialists Kelebihan : Output bertambah dengan kualitas yang tetap konsisten. Lebih mudah mengatur pekerja.

  Pekerja memiliki keahlian yang baik pada spesialisasi yang bersangkutan. Spesialisasi dapat dikurangi/ ditambah dengan mudah. Organisasi diatur dengan manajemen professional.

  Kelemahan: Fokus pada efisiensi lokal Pelayanan menurun karena customer tidak dapat melihat proses. Kurang komunikasi Merendahkan akuntabilitas individual Pekerjaan dapat menjadi membosankan.

Kelemahan Organisasi  Fungsional

  Organisasi adalah struktur yang mengelompokan manusia dan sumber daya untuk mencapai tujuan umum.

  Fungsionalitas adalah bidang usaha menyangkut kerja, menggunakan keahlian tertentu, dan pengetahuan.

  Organisasi memiliki tujuan umum, sedangkan orientasi fungsionalitas tidak memiliki tujuan umum. Timbul masalah “sumbu kompor / stovepipe”. Setiap bagian hanya peduli pada dirinya sendiri, tidak saling mendukung dan tidak

  functional silo / stovepipe

  Kelemahan Organisasi Fungsional Organisasi dengan orientasi fungsionalitas memiliki beberapa kerugian :

  • Proses yang kontinyu terbagi – bagi (fragmented) antara fungsionalitas kerja. Masalah ini sering disebut “

  Kelemahan Organisasi Fungsional 

  Organisasi dengan orientasi fungsionalitas memiliki beberapa kerugian :

  • Pekerjaan pada suatu divisi dapat dinegasikan oleh divisi lain atau tidak menghasilkan nilai tambah apapun.
  • Terjadi waktu tunda pada proses ketika pekerjaan pindah dari satu

  

Enter Reengineering : 1985-

1993

  Reengineering dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi dan merancang ulang proses bisnis dari awal hingga akhir

secara radikal untuk meningkatkan performansinya.

  Organisasi berorientasi proses mengurangi akumulasi inefisiensi dan irrasionalitas.

  

Reengineering is undoing the Industrial Revolution

(Hammer). Dalam reengineering, proses-proses yang

telah dibreakdown menjadi fungsi dalam organisasi

fungsional yang muncul pada Revolusi Industri

disatukan kembali. Reengineering dilakukan dengan

berorientasi pada proses, bukan fungsi.

  

Exit Reengineering : 1994-1995

 BPR tidak semenjajikan yang diharapkan.

  Perancangan ulang proses memang mudah, tetapi implementasinya sangat sulit.

  

  Banyak terjadi kegagalan, hampir 70 – 80 % proyek BPR gagal

  

  Bisa disimpulkan orientasi proses tidak bagus dan tidak juga buruk. Begitu pula orientasi fungsionalitas

  Orientasi Proses Kelebihan:

  Fokus yang cukup terhadap customer dan outcome Keberulangan proses terdefinisi berarti proses terukur dan dapat disempurnakan. Efisiensi meningkat jauh Birokrasi lebih sederhana sehingga persentase usaha yang lebih besar dapat digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan customer

  Kelemahan: Lebih sulit diatur. Pekerjaan individu lebih luas Sulit diimplementasikan

  Definition

   Business

  “… a course of action or a procedure … a series of stages in manufacture or some other operation…” [the concise oxford dictionary] collection of activities that, taken

  • A together, create value for customer e.g. new product for customer. This

  tasks are inter-related tasks

  

“… a series of actions, changes, or functions bringing about a result.” [dictionary.com] Business entity is any organization whose aim is to create results of value for someone who cares about those results.

  

  Business 

  Purpose of any business entity is to act as a transformation mechanism .

  • • When appropriate events and conditions trigger action,

    customer requirements and consumable resources (raw

    materials, money & information) are transformed into

    goods, services, business outcomes for the customers’

    benefit.
  • The results can have a physical component or

  Business

  • • At the same time that businesses are serving

    their customer and consumer markets, their performance is measured in terms of appropriate key performance indicators

  (KPIs) and evaluated against the requirements of the business owners and investors

  • Satisfying customers and owners

  

concurrently while recognizing the multiple

outside pressures and regulatory constraints is difficult, given the potential conflict among

  Business

  Business

The business applies a number of reusable resources to

enable this transformation. These capabilities include:

  . Interestingly, businesses might not recognize them as processes.

  • Cross-functional business processes

  . These include offices, factories, equipment, and tools.

  • Physical facilities

  . These enable information flow, knowledge sharing, and communications.

  • Computing and communications technology
  • Human resources .

  Process

A process is set of logically related

tasks performed to achieve a defined business outcome Process definition

  A process is a set of actions that take inputs, and then add value to provide desirable

  outputs .

  Customers Suppliers Resources Internet Product Inputs Process Outputs

  Kind of Process 

  Core – these are value added activities

  that meet business and customer needs.

   Support

  • – these are activities that enable core activities to take place

   Business Process A business process as a series of tasks or activities to achieve a given purpose or goal , which can be completed either in sequence or in parallel , by people or systems, either inside or outside an organization. [Butler Group] The task are pre-defined , and the process can be repeated .

  

The sequence of tasks in any process is usually

important.

Process Flow CEO

  Marketing Operation Finance/ Admin Customer Request Order Fulfillment Frame the Process

  Frame the Process 

  Langkah pertama dari metodologi 

  Paling penting 

  Kesalahan di tahap ini akan terbawa terus sampai akhir

  Terjebak pada fungsi

  Kesalahan-kesalahan Umum 

  • struktur organisasi
  • functional silo
  • local efficiency

   Lingkup proses yang terlalu sempit atau terlalu luas

  

Review Proses

  Proses bisnis selanjutnya akan disebut sebagai proses saja atau proses bisnis 

  Proses bisnis: “A business process is a

collection of interrelated work tasks,

initiated in response to an event, that achieves a specific result for the customer of the process.”

  ...that achieves a specific result...

   proses ada karena diperlukan untuk menghasilkan sesuatu: result

  

hasil bisa berupa produk atau jasa

   result: countable dan identifiable

   contoh proses:

  • develop new product; hasilnya new product

  ...that achieves a specific result...

   Bukan proses:

  • Research and development
  • Help desk

   Apakah Research and development yang sudah diselesaikan bisa dihitung?

   Apakah Help desk yang sudah

  ...for the customer of the process...

   Customer adalah pihak yang memperoleh hasil dari proses

   Customer dapat menilai seberapa memuaskan suatu proses

   Contoh proses:

  • Menerbitkan SIM

   Bukan proses:

  

...initiated in response to a

specific event...

   proses seperti mesin yang diam sebelum dinyalakan

   harus ada event yang memicu dimulainya proses

   contoh:

  • resolve service problem dipicu oleh event customer reports service problem

  ...work tasks...

   kumpulan dari aktivitas, langkah, task, aksi

   aktivitas atau langkah akan sering digunakan

   aktivitas dikerjakan oleh aktor

  

aktor dapat berupa orang, fungsi

kerja, departemen, atau sistem

  

...a collection of interrelated...

  

aktivitas atau langkah dalam proses

harus terkait, langsung maupun tidak langsung

   ada urutan mulai event pemicu sampai ke customer

  Karakteristik proses lainnya 

Measurable

  • customer mengukur result
  • aktor mengukur produktivitas
  • owner/manager mengukur biaya, kepuasan pelanggan, dll

  

Karakteristik proses lainnya

  Otomasi

  • • proses bisnis mencakup aktivitas yang

    dilakukan manual maupun yang otomatis

   Level

  • proses dapat dijelaskan dalam berbagai level kedetilan

  Karakteristik proses lainnya 

Customer

  • internal atau eksternal
  • proses yang melayani customer eksternal biasanya core process
  • proses yang melayani customer internal biasanya support process

  Karakteristik proses lainnya 

  Proses tersembunyi dalam organisasi

  Karakteristik proses lainnya 

  Kesalahan identifikasi proses:

  • Capture service order
  • Assign Facilities • Install Service • Update Customer Records

   Seharusnya:

  Karakteristik proses lainnya 

  Bigger is (usually) better

  Framing the Process 

Langkah-langkah

  • • Identify process and name in verb-

    noun format;
  • Event that triggers the business process;
  • Result achieved by the process;
  • • Customer that receives the result;

Framing the Process

  • About five to seven major activities or milestones within the process;
  • Actors with a role in the process;
  • Mechanisms (systems, forms, equipment, etc.) that support the process;
  • Process timing and frequency;
  • Related (but out-of-scope) processes depicted on an overall process map.

  Identifikasi Proses 

  Lakukan secara bottom-up

  • Identifikasi aktivitas atau milestone yang ada

  

Lakukan dengan brainstorming

  • Untuk memperoleh bahan
  • Ingat aturan brainstorming: jangan ada kritik dan evaluasi

  

Identifikasi Proses

  Lakukan Brainstorm milestone

  • Milestone adalah jika ada sesuatu yang

    dihasilkan, baik antar aktivitas atau

    pada akhir proses, contoh:

   Product is reserved

   Shipment is packed

   Inventory replenished

   Order is accepted

  Identifikasi Proses

  Identifikasi Proses 

Ubah milestone menjadi aktivitas

  • Reserve Product;
  • Pack Shipment;
  • Replenish Inventory;
  • Accept Order; • Submit Order.

  Identifikasi Proses 

  Urutkan Proses

  Identifikasi Proses

  Identifikasi Proses 

  Beri nama proses dan aktivitas dengan bentuk verb-noun

  Pemodelan Proses Bisnis

  Pemodelan 

  Menuangkan proses bisnis dalam bentuk diagram, sehingga:

  • Terdokumentasi • Dapat disampaikan kepada orang lain
  • Memudahkan pemahaman

   Pemodelan dilakukan terhadap as-is dan to-be

  

Standar Pemodelan

  Tujuan standar pemodelan adalah agar mudah dikomunikasikan dengan pihak lain yang juga mengerti tentang standar itu

  

  Ada beberapa contoh standar:

  • ASME (American Association of Mechanical Engineering)
  • Flowchart/Flowmap
  • IDEF0 (Integration Definition For Function Modeling)
  • IGOE (Input, guide, output, enabler)
  • BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation)

IGOE

  External Roles Request Recipient Strategic Partner Manage projects Request Details to skilled resources Review Request Rejected request Validated request Manage Projects Analyze Priorities Project Priorities Guiding Factor Understand existing commitments

  Flowchart

  Flowmap

PROSES PEMBUATAN PASSPOR DI KANTOR IMIGRASI BANDUNG

PEMOHON LOKET 1 Kasi FORSAKIM Kasi WASDAKIM KAKANIM LOKET 2 LOKET 3 LOKET 4 Mulai

  PERDIM 11 +Lampiran PERDIM 11 +Lampiran LENGKAP? Lengkapi PERDIM 11 +Lampiran Input data pemohon Cetak Bukti Terima PERDIM 11 Bukti Terima PERDIM 11 Bukti Terima PERDIM 11 Bukti Terima PERDIM 11 1 bulan Bukti Terima PERDIM 11 Cari Berkas Pemohon Berkas PERDIM 11 Berkas PERDIM 11 Wawanc ara cek dg dok asli Ada dalam daftar cegah? Cetak Form Bayar Passpor Form Bayar Passpor Form Bayar Passpor Bayar Ke Kasir 1 Bukti Bayar

  Passpor Bukti Bayar Passpor Berkas PERDIM 11 Persetujuan (Ditandatangani) Berkas PERDIM 11 Cetak Form Bayar Photo Form Bayar Photo Form Bayar Bukti Bayar Photo Berkas PERDIM 11 Update Data Pemohon + photo Cetak Passpor Passpor Passpor Berkas PERDIM 11 Pengam- bilan Contoh Sidik Jari Contoh Sidik Jari (àBerkas) Berkas PERDIM 11 Passpor Berkas PERDIM 11 Passpor Pengesahan (Ditandatangani) Berkas PERDIM 11 Passpor Tidak Ya

  IDEF0 Pengendalian Kebijakan perusahaan, hukum dll

  

Proses Input Material Informasi dll Output Produk Informasi dll Mekanisme SDM Sistem Sarana dll IDEF0

  (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)

ASME

  Operation V value-adding steps types; one for value-adding and one for non Indicates the main steps in a process – we use 2 Inspection Indicates a check on quality or quantity Steps A Steps Time Comment V Transport Indicates movement of Steps B paper, information, etc people, materials, Steps D Steps C Delay operations up between consecutive Steps F storage, delay or hold- Indicates a temporary Steps E Storage Indicates a controlled storage, such Steps G

  ASME No Aktivitas 1 Periksa V Waktu Keterangan 5 2 Input Data Pemohon kelengkapan PERDIM 11 Berkas menit menit 10 4 Penyerahan

  3 Cetak Bukti PERDIM 11 Terima menit 2 2 5 Pemohon Menunggu Pemohon PERDIM 11 ke Bukti Terima bulan menit 1 diproses Berkas

  BPMN

BPMN P e m o h o n Start Isi Formulir dan Berkas Permohonan

  D in a s P e m e ri n ta h D a e ra h T im S IU P S u b D in a s K a s ie a d in Cek Berkas permohonan Start Buat Permohonan Pemeriksaan Permohonan Pengesahan Permohonan Pengesahan Permohonan Pengesahan penandatanganan SIUP Pengesahan penandatanganan SIUP Pengesahan penandatanganan Lengkap Data Valid Tidak Lengkap Proses Pembuatan SIUP menggunakan BPMN Data Tidak Valid

  

Swimlane

  

Swimlane yang digunakan di buku

mirip dengan IGOE dan BPMN 

  Ada penyederhanaan notasi

  • Hanya menggunakan kotak dan panah
  • Lebih menekankan pada deskripsi pada proses

   Tujuannya agar lebih mudah dipelajari, digambarkan, dan

  Komponen 

  3R

  • Roles: aktor yang melakukan proses
  • Responsibilities: task yang dilakukan oleh aktor
  • Routes: workflow atau jalur yang merupakan urutan langkah

  Aktor

  Penamaan Proses

  Urutan Langkah

  Percabangan Langkah opsional

Jika urutan tidak jadi masalah

  Paralel Bentuk percabangan lain

  Tambahan trigger waktu

  

Studi Kasus

  PT XYZ adalah sebuah perusahaan asuransi, yang bisnis utamanya adalah manajemen resiko dan return akibat dari ketidakpastian masa depan. Resiko selalu melibatkan dua istilah, yaitu :

  • Ketidakpastian
  • Kerugian , entah kerugian fisik maupun

  

Batasan Masalah

  Proses bisnis yang dimodelkan adalah berdasarkan proses pengajuan klaim asuransi yang ada di PT XYZ.

   Proses bisnis dimodelkan dilihat dari sudut pandang perusahaan asuransi bukan dari sudut pandang customer atau sudut pandang perusahaan

  

Lazimnya perusahaan asuransi akan

menghadapi klaim pertanggungan

dari para anggota pada waktu yang

tidak terkirakan sebelumnya

   Ketika perusahaan berupaya untuk meminimalisir jumlah kerugian, perusahaan akan mengambil suatu jumlah tertentu sebagai jaminan atas

   Jika batas retensi yang telah

ditetapkan ternyata lebih rendah dari

jumlah klaim yang harus dibayarkan,

maka perusahaan akan menghadapi resiko reputasi sekaligus resiko default yaitu perusahaan tidak mampu menutup klaim yang diajukan oleh anggota secara penuh

   Suatu perusahaan asuransi pasti akan mereasuransikan sebagian

resiko tersebut kepada perusahaan

reasuransi selama biayanya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang dibebankan oleh perusahaan reasuransi, dengan kata lain jika expected loss nya lebih tinggi dari

Hirarki Perusahaan

  

Head Office (HO)

Regional Office (RO) Regional Office (RO) Regional Office (RO) Branch Office (BO) Branch Office (BO) Branch Office (BO) Branch Office (BO) Branch Office (BO) Branch Office (BO) Batasan Masalah (3) 

  Proses pengajuan klaim yang

dimodelkan hanya klaim yang menjadi

wewenang Head Office (HO) meliputi klaim kematian untuk polis kadaluarsa,

polis medikal, cacat tetap total, rawat

inap, klaim dari polis yang diajukan di

HO, klaim dengan nilai pertanggungan

diatas 50 juta rupiah (US$ 5000).

   Proses pengajuan klaim dilakukan di Branch Office (BO) tempat objek pertanggungan

  

Brainstorming Milestone

Klaim Diterima ter-validasi Dokumen Mafaat Asuransi Pemberitahuan Pembayaran dikirimkan Surat Manfaat Asuransi Desisi Klaim Dibayarkan diterbitkan Klaim Reasuransi diajukan Manfaat Asuransi Rekomendasi terkalkulasi Medis diterima Reasuransi Manfaat diterima 1:1 Penerimaan Validasi Kalkulasi Klaim Dokumen Manfaat Asuransi 1:1 1:1 Rekomendasi 1:1 Penerimaan Medis 1:1 Penerbitan Desisi Klaim 1:1 1:1 1:1 Manfaat 1:1 Pengajuan Klaim Reasuransi 1:1 Penerimaan Reasuransi

  

Framing Process

Klaim Asuransi

Event Subprocesses Result Klaim diajukan Valida si Doku men Penerimaan Rekomendasi Medis Kalkulasi Manfaat Asuransi Pengajuan Klaim Reasuransi Penerimaan Manfaat Reasuransi Penerbitan Desisi Klaim Pengiriman Pemberitahuan Pembayaran Manfaat Asuransi Pembayaran Manfaat Asuransi Case for Action Vision - Pengecekan berkas dilakukan berulang-ulang sehingga membuang waktu pemrosesan
  • - Pengiriman berkas klaim dilakukan dengan cara batch pada klaim akhir bulan sehingga klaim yang diajukan di awal bulan harus menunggu hingga akhir bulan untuk diproses
  • - Klaim reasuransi expired akibat waktu pemrosesan klaim melewati batas expirasi yang ditetapkan oleh reasuradur - Divisi Aktuaria menangani klaim asuransi yang merupakan tanggung jawab dari Divisi Underwriting - Informasi klaim yang direasuransikan tidak dimiliki kantor cabang sehingga identifikasi klaim reasuransi tidak bisa dilakukan sejak awal - Meningkatkan jumlah klaim yang diproses dan dibayarkan - Mengurangi rata-rata pengeluaran untuk pembayaran klaim - Mengurangi jumlah dan total biaya proses hukum akibat tuntutan hukum terkait dengan klaim - Mengurangi biaya total pemrosesan klaim - Mendokumentasikan klaim dengan baik - Memperbaiki rasio antara jumlah klaim dengan polis yang dikeluarkan - Memperbaiki rasio antara klaim yang dibayarkan dengan klaim yang diterima - Mengurangi komplain konsumen - Mengurangi dampak penipuan asuransi Actor Mechanism
  • Metrics Pegawai seksi pelayanan nasabah Kepala seksi pertanggungan BO Dokter penasihat medis perusahaan Kepala bagian pertanggungan RO Kepala divisi underwriting Perbaikan proses bisnis Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Reasuransi Perbaikan Standard Operational Procedure - Pengecekan berkas hanya dilakukan satu kali - Pembayaran klaim yang dikeluarkan perusahaan dibawah batas

    retensi

    - Klaim yang direasuransikan dikirimkan dan diproses pada hari yang

    sama

    - Waktu penanganan reasuransi klaim dibawah batas ekspirasi

      Analisis as-is

      Analisis as-is Breakdown Process

      To-be

      

    Tugas Kelompok

      Lakukan analisis proses bisnis terhadap perusahan/ organisasi 

      Tugas dikumpulkan dalam bentuk print out dan file laporan+PPT dikirim

       Tugas dikerjakan selama < 2 minggu (dikumpulkan Kamis minggu ke 2)

      Data Resource Management

      

    Case 1: Amazon, eBay, and Google:

    Unlocking and Sharing Business Databases

      Companies such as Amazon, eBay and Google are unlocking their databases and sharing their data with developers, entrepreneurs and their business partners.

      In the hands of top Web innovators, this data

    could be the dynamo of new Web sites and

    businesses that would expand the company’s online footprint and ultimately drive more sales.

      

    This also involves risk in terms of misuse of