CHAPTER II THEORITICAL DESCRIPTION
A. Philosophical Thought on Human Concept
As the physical creature, man is the foremost and complex viewed from his biological function. He is the ultimate of the evolution of universe.
He is proved as the creature which can do what entire creatures do because of his ability to grow, eat, and reproduce. In other side, he owes a rational soul
which only owned by mankind. This rational soul enables him to perceive the meaning both from sensual data and mental concept that function not only for
knowing the truth and systemizing knowledge, but also for managing the lower soul than his whom we call it as a desire. Thereby, human briefly is
believed as “the core of universe” and “the ultimate aim of God’s creation”. Regarding to the previous point, Mulyadi Karthanegara formulated the
theory of man in his book Gerbang Kearifan,
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which is containing philosophy and Islamic mysticism. It is very different from modern science; philosophy
and Islamic mysticism consider human as a dimensional creature that has physic and non-physic aspect. Consequently, human is regarded as more
comprehensive than what modern science offers. Mulyadi formulates human prominent thought into three principal
issues; “first, the man as microcosm that he is a representation of all creatures
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Mulyadi Karthanegara, Gerbang Kearifan Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2006 p. 110
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in this universe. Second, human as theomorphic creature and the last is human with their freedom”.
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B.
Man as Microcosm
As the physical creature, man is the foremost and complex viewed from his biological function. He is the ultimate of the evolution of universe.
He is proved as the creature which can do what entire creatures do because of his ability to grow, eat, and reproduce. In other side, he owes a rational soul
which only owned by mankind. This rational soul enables him to perceive the meaning both from sensual data and mental concept that function not only for
knowing the truth and systemizing knowledge, but also for managing the lower soul than his whom we call it as a desire. Thereby, human briefly is
believed as “the core of universe” and “the ultimate aim of God’s creation”. The Muslim thinkers – philosophers and mysticists – mostly do not
only view human from their physiological aspect, but also view from their non-physical aspect. Therefore, they give the marvelous meaning to human
than merely as chemical and physiological creature. For instance, human is regarded as the best creature insan al-taqwim and has symbolical meaning
for the universe. What poses in human describes what poses in the universe, due to that human as Muslim philosophers and mysticists, call as microcosm,
which significantly represent the macrocosm.
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5
Ibid. p. 111
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Ibid. p. 112
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Human is considered as microcosms, despite he is small, he consisted of every ingredient of cosmic aspects; from mineral aspect, plant aspect, and
animal aspect. Human contain even the angelic and divine aspect that in the form of spirit which is blown by God, consequently He creates human as two
dimensional creatures: physical and spiritual creature.
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C. Man as Theomorphic Creature
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