Introduction . It includes background of study, which discussed Review of the Literatures. It discusses about previous studies,

12 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents previous study and underlying theory related to the research topic. There are three studies about politeness in Talks Show which are related to this study. Underlying theory of this study consists of pragmatics, politeness strategies by Brown and Levinson, face, FTA, the realization of politeness strategies, sociological variables, and talk show. 2.1 Previous Study The first study is entitled “Oprah Winfrey: Politeness Strategies in Oprah Winfrey Show” is written by Ramanwong 2009. This research examined the language used by Oprah Winfrey in her interviews based on the framework of politeness strategy focusing on the positive politeness strategy and negative politeness strategy. Qualitative methods and selective sampling were used in this paper. The results showed that positive politeness strategy was used more frequently than negative politeness strategy and the positive politeness strategy +15 Give gift to H was used with all of her five guests. Moreover, there are eleven positive politeness strategies and three negative politeness strategies Oprah used. Second, the study entitled, “Politeness Strategies in John Grisham’s Novel ‘The Client’ is written by Fitriana 2007. In this study, the researcher analyzed the utterances portraying the politeness strategies toward four politeness strategies, 13 namely bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record strategies. The descriptive qualitative is used to conduct this research. The reason is to describe and to explain the politeness phenomena in the novel of “The Client” written by John Grisham. In addition, this study presents the data in the forms of words or utterances rather than numbers which rely very much on the rich narrative description. The result of the study shows that four strategies are applied by the portrayed characters in their dialogues. First, Bald on record strategy which is used in the situation in which S wants to achieve the maximum efficiency of his utterance. Second, Positive Politeness Strategy which is used in the condition in which S tries to minimize the distance between expressing friendliness and solid interest. Third, Negative Politeness Strategy which is used in the situation in which S has the main focus on assuming that he may be imposing and intruding on H’s space. The fourth is off Record Strategy which is used in the condition to take some pressures of the hearer. There are some differences between those three previous studies with this study. For the first study, the analysis only focuses on positive and negative politeness, while this study examined all of the politeness strategies realized by the host. Moreover, the object of the study was Oprah’s utterances in interviewing her guest, while this study examin ed Dalton’s utterances as the host of Talk Indonesia. The second previous study took novel as the object of the study, while this study took a TV talk show as the object.