that the information will become meaningful. Having a good order of the sensory data will also be good for our mind.
The third factor influencing someone‟s perception is the situation. Situation means a person‟s familiarity with expectations or about something. Situation also
connected with his or her past experience. The last factor inf
luencing someone‟s perception is the self-concept. The way people feel and perceive about ourselves is known as self-concept. Self-concept will
affect the way of seeing the world. 2.
Vocabulary
There are four sections discussed in this part. They are the meaning and level of vocabulary, the vocabulary teaching, the techniques of teaching vocabulary, and
the background and principle of vocabulary teaching.
a. The Meaning and Level of Vocabulary
According to Kreidler 1963, p. 21, vocabulary is a stock of words in a language that can facilitate and support the learner in order to reach the language
skills. This statement is supported by Burton 1982 who says that students should be supplied with enough vocabulary in order to make them able to learn the four
language skills which are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Fries 1952, pp. 55-56 divides the meaning of English words into two kinds. The first is lexical
meaning which refers to the words found in the dictionary. The second is structural
meaning that can be derived from grammatical relationship within the language or from the word order.
Therefore, learning a language, including English cannot be separated from its vocabulary. It is important to introduce some English words first to the senior high
school students as a basic step to learn English vocabulary. Lado 1964 states that there are three steps in teaching vocabulary. First, the students hear the new word for
several periods of time. It means that the teacher becomes the model of a good pronunciation. Second, the students should be given the opportunity to pronounce the
new word. This step will help students to remember the word in a longer period of time. When the students are wrong when pronouncing the words, the teacher should
correct it at the time by pronouncing again. The last step is that students should predict the meaning of the unfamiliar word.
The teacher may give the definition to describe the word indirectly. By using an indirect description of the word, the students will be encouraged to remember the
word better. Those three steps are important in learning vocabulary and have to be considered in the learning process. In order to be able to master and understand
vocabularies, the students should experience those three teaching vocabulary steps. According to Yang 2002 English for Second Language ESL junior high
students have to learn 1.000 words, while senior high school students have to learn 2.800 words, almost three times more than words to be learned in junior high school
as cited in Wang, 2005, p. 4. However, not all words have equal importance in language instruction. Therefore, teacher have to know which words they need to
