13
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This part consists of two sections. The first one is the theoretical description. It is about the direct explanations of some terms that are used in this study. The
second part is the theoretical framework. In the theoretical framework, the researcher explains more about how the theories can help the researcher in doing the study.
A. Theoretical Description
In this part, the researcher explains the review of related literature used in conducting the research. The theories are pertinent since they can either help to solve
the research problems or enlarge particular knowledge of the topic. There are five theories which are discussed in this subchapter. Those are the theories of perception,
the theories of vocabulary, the roles of game in learning vocabulary, the scrabble game, the scrabble and vocabulary mastery.
1. Perception
Perception becomes the concern of this study. For this reason, the researcher provides several explanations about perception. This part will explain what
perception is and the factors that affect someone‟s perception.
a Definition of Perception
Based on Bootzin, Loftus, Zajonc, and Braun 1983, perception means the interpretation process which comes from some stimuli of their sense organs. For this
reason, perception and sensation cannot be separated in the perceptual process. Basic sensations are always needed in order to have a meaningful interpretation. The stimuli
which help the perceptual process usually come from the previous experiences.
People will reflect the stimuli which they got from the past and gain some
information about that. They will try to compare the previous and the newest information on their own.
Further, Rock said that perception is an active process as cited in Altman, Valenzi Hodgetts, 1985, p. 105. The perceptual process needs an active brain to
create the perception. One of the examples is filling some incomplete sensory information. This action simply called as subjective contours. Subjective contours are
some helping lines or shapes that appear to be a part of a figure but those are actually not physically present. However, building a perception is not easy as it seems. During
the perceptual process, the brain is expected to organize the stimuli to create a good meaning.
Along with Bootzin et al., Altman, Valenzi and Hodgetts 1985 also has the same ground for perception. He states that the stimuli will be selected and grouped to
have a meaningful interpretation. Perception is the way of someone sees reality. As
Kategori