17 c.
Humorous Swear Words Humorous swear words are consciously directed to other people but they
are not derogatory Andersson Trudgill, 1992. The aim of this swear words type is not to harm other people but to put a sense of humor in a conversation
and create a playful situation. However, the humorous swear words are sensitive for the relationship. They are usually spoken by those who have power and those
who have less power will only give a contribution to laugh. Hence, the humorous swear words are usually addressed to those who have a close relation
to the speakers. Jay 2000 points out that one can understand the form of humor by
examining the context in which the speaker produces it. People need to know the topic of the conversation and the identity of the group members to be able to
understand the meaning and the aim of humorous swear words. The example of this swear word type is Get your ass in gear
d. Auxiliary Swear Words
The last type of swear words according to Andersson and Trudgill 1992 is the auxiliary swear words. The auxiliary swear words are not indicated to the
certain people or situation. Yet, swear words are applied as empty meaning and spoken in non-emphatic tone Andersson Trudgill, 1992. An auxiliary swear
word is only a way of speaking and often called as “lazy speaking”. The auxiliary
swear words are not standing alone, or what we call as dependent. They are used in the larger unit such as clause. Sometimes, they also occur in a phrase such as
Henry the fucking eighth, and sometimes even in a single word such as PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
18 absofuckinglutely. The words such as bloody and fucking are commonly used in
the auxiliary swear words. Some examples of this swearing type are the fucking car and
I’m bloody tired. In this research, the researcher applies Andersson and Trudgil
’s 1992 theory. This theory is regarded suitable to answer the research question about the
type of swear words used in the Spy movie.
5. Motives of Swearing
In explaining the motives, the researcher uses the term swearing. Fagersten 2012 points out that “swearing refers to the use of words which have the
potential to be offensive, inappropriate, objectionable, or unacceptable in any given social context” p. 3. In short, swearing points the action or realization of
using the swear words. The use of swear words in the society is banned whether institutionally or
by an unwritten social norm. Although swear words are regarded as uneducated, rude and harmful, people put on this part of language in their conversation. Some
have been living with swear words as their daily language that bound with their speech. Therefore, Andersson 1985 classifies different motives of swearing,
namely the psychological motive, the social motive, and the linguistic motive as cited in Karjalainen, 2002, p. 26.
a. Psychological Motive
In our life, there are so many ups and downs that we need to go through. Sometimes, things go wrong and out of our expectation and willingness. That is
why in life we have the worst and the best moment. Going late to work when there PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
19 is an important meeting, losing our wallet in the crowded area, and accidentally
tripping over a pebble while we are in a morning run are the examples of something happen immediately which can go wrong. Everyday people can get
frustrated and angry when unpleasant and unexpected things happen. Hence, when people get an immediate and unexpected thing happens in their life, they will
normally give a reaction. This reaction is aimed to release or express strong feelings in one way or another, for example, we may kick a rock and let simple
and less forceful argh. Andersson 1985 points out that dealing with unexpected event, shock, and immediate emotion, some people will give following reaction
beneath the anger and frustration feeling by swearing as cited in Karjalainen, 2002. This statement is supported by Jay 2009, he describes that swearing is
like “a horn in someone’s car”. It means that someone can utter swearing
spontaneously or firstly consider it. Therefore, swearing can indicate many emotions such as anger, frustration, joy, and surprise.
Lindahl 2008 points out that in expressing feelings, swear words are used frequently because they are more cathartic than emoting without cursing. Using
offensive words in expressing the feelings can give a better and relief feeling. Thus, there can be differences between shouting fuck and ouch when we hit our
thumb with the hammer. Swearing as stated by Montagu 2001 is a learned form of human behavior in
cultures and under condition in which it is encouraged. The cultural condition forms a behavior provides two purposes. The first, it permits expressing excess
energy or frustration in a relatively harmless, verbal form. People can express PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
