24 interview was the interview by using the open-ended questions. Meanwhile, the
second interview was the clarification about the differences between the statements in the first interviews
and the participants’ teaching videos.
2. Observation
The second technique in gathering the data was observation. This technique was used to answer the second research question which was about how
pre- service teachers’ beliefs were manifested in their teaching during the
Teaching Practicum. Burke and Christensen 2012 obtain observation as the watching of behavioral patterns of people in certain situations to gain information
about the phenomenon of interest p. 206. According to Borg and Gall 2003, observation provides an alternate source of data for verifying the information
obtained by other methods p. 267. It also provides people’s actual behavior rather than their views or perceptions Borg Gall, 2003, p. 267; Burke
Christensen, 2012, p. 206; Creswell, 2015, pp. 152-153. Therefore, the researcher used this technique to verify the participants’ statements in the interview.
The researcher observed the participants’ teaching performances through their videos. It meant that the instrument in this second technique was the videos
of the participants’ teaching performance. The most obvious advantage in using a video recording is that it can be repeated many times for more careful observation
Borg Gall, 2003, p. 261; Fraenkel, et al., 2015, p. 447. During watching the videos
, the researcher took observation notes of the participants’ behavior in the classroom. After that, the notes were used to verify the participants’ statements. If
25 the statements were in line with the results of video observation, it meant that the
beliefs were manifested in their teaching during the Teaching Practicum.
E. Data Analysis Technique
In analyzing the research data, the researcher employed the analytic phases in qualitative research by Yin 2011. The researcher did five steps to analyze the
data, namely compiling, disassembling, reassembling and arraying, interpreting, and concluding.
1. Compiling
The first phase of qualitative data analysis process was compiling. In this step, the researcher sorted the data collection. This phase would be started by
sorting the field notes amassed from the fieldwork and other data collection Yin, 2011, p. 178. In this study, the researcher’s notes were the observation notes that
had been taken during the video observation. The other data were the participants’
interview recordings. According to Yin 2011, the important function of this phase is to make
the researchers familiar with the data that have been obtained from the data gathering process p. 183. The researcher had to read the data and listen to the
recordings for many times in order to have good understanding of the data. In this phase, the researcher listened to the recordings many times, after that making the
verbatim transcript of the interview recordings. The researcher should consider
