preparation. In addition, if there is a change in class’ tutor, the new tutor would continue with what has already been taught. Therefore, the learning process would
also continue. 3. Domby Kid’s Hope 2
The developed materials could contribute to the children’s learning process. Furthermore, as has been believed, the English skills could make these children
become more competent people to face the world. Due to this belief, Domby then could achieve the goal of Domby in English teaching-learning program to make
the learners like English and brave to speak English. In addition, Domby could reach their vision which is alleviating the conditions of children’s poverty and
producing independent future leaders of the community. 4. Material Designer
The developed material would aid other material designers to produce resources for Domby using similar or different methods. Additionally, they could continue
this study by continuing or designing materials for the next grade in Domby Kid’s Hope 2
.
1.6 Definitions of Terms
There are some terms that are used constantly in this study. Thus, the writer will give the definitions to avoid misunderstanding and misconception.
1. Instructional Materials
The term “instructional materials” means the systematic design of instruction, based on knowledge of the learning process and on communication
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theory, taking into consideration as many factors and variables of the particular situation as possible, so that successful learning will result. In addition, it refers to
the materials films, slide, recordings, maps, and such designed by the teachers Kemp, 1997: 7. In this study, after defining the goals, the writer will design the
materials using a task based approach consisting of instructions for each task or meeting and it is applied by the English tutors themselves to the first grade
students of Domby. 2.
Task-Based Learning Richards and Rodgers 2001: 223 summarize that the Task-Based
Learning refers to an approach of language learning which focus on the use of tasks as the core unit of planning and instruction in language teaching-learning.
The plan in this study is to design materials using Task-based approach which will enable the students to learn through the students’ experience while doing the tasks
provided. 3.
Task According to an Australian linguist who focuses on the teaching of
English, Nunan 2004: 4, he defines task as follows. task is a piece of classroom work that involves learners in
comprehending, manipulating, producing, or interacting in the target language while their attention
is focused on mobilizing their grammatical knowledge in order to express meaning rather than
manipulate form. The task should also have sense of completeness, being able to stand alone as a communicative act in its own right with
a beginning a middle and an end.
In addition, Richards as quoted by Nunan 2004: 2 in his book Task-Based Language Teaching, gives another definition of task namely pedagogical task.
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Here is the definition of pedagogical task: ...an activity or action which is carried out as the result of processing
or understanding language i.e. as a response. For example, drawing a map while listening to a tape, listening to an instruction and
performing a command may be referred to as tasks. Tasks may or not involve the production of language. A task usually requires the teacher
to specify what will be regarded different kinds of tasks in language teaching more communicative ...since it provides a purpose of a
classroom activity which goes beyond the practice of language for it’s own sake. Richards, 1986: 289
Therefore, considering the definitions of tasks above, task in this study is briefly defined as any kind of activities or action which involves target language
production or not and to help the students gain new knowledge, practice what they have been studying and reach certain goal.
4. The First grade students of Domby Kid’s Hope 2 Yogyakarta
The first grade students of Domby are children around the age 6 to 7 years old. They have just started learning English, therefore, their level is still very
basic. They need suitably designed materials which provide various active, fun, and interesting activities to help them learn English. Domby is an informal school
managed by Yayasan Pelita Bangsa. This informal school focuses their program on education. Since its location is around Kali Code, it serves poor children from
the age of 3 to 19 years old who live in Kali Code area. This organization intends to provide the children with capabilities to face the wider world, to be able to
overcome their problems both now and in the future. The ultimate goal of Domby is to ensure a better future for the children and to alleviate their current conditions
of poverty. One of the solutions is by providing them with a further supplementary education of English. In this study, the first grade students of
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Domby Kid’s Hope 2 Yogyakarta are the target learners and Domby Kid’s Hope 2
Yogyakarta is the setting of place where the writer conducted the research of
educational purposes in order to complete this thesis.
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11
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
