It is stated that conflict is an inevitable part of family life. Family members have frequent and intense close contact, often leading to irritably
and annoyance 1993: 99. They also say that: Conflict occurs when family members do not agree about the
events and situations in their lives. They may not agree about what is appropriate behavior in a given situation, who should perform
particular family tasks, how resources should be shared, or how decisions should be made. In other words, conflict arises because
family members perceive a difference between them 1993: 99.
So, based on the explanation about conflict theory, different social classes are the key concepts in this conflict theory. It can cause class
conflict in a society. Then, this class conflict is also potential to cause a problem or conflict in a family. So the family problem and class conflict in
a society influence each other.
3. Theories of Setting
A setting from a story has many definitions. According to M.H. Abrams in his book of Glossary of Literary Terms, the definition of setting
is the general locale, historical time, and social circumstances 1981: 175. There is another theory that relates on these three elements. C. Hugh
Holman and William Harmon, in their book entitled A Handbook to Literature state that general locale or simplified as setting of place refers
to the actual geographical location, its topography, scenery, such as physical arrangements 1986: 465. Historical time or setting of time
refers to time or period when the actions take place for example epoch in history or season of the year Holman and Harmon, 1986: 465.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Referring to Holman and Harmon, social setting can refer to general environment of the character for example religious, mental, moral,
social, emotional conditions, through which the people in the story move. It also might reveal the occupations and daily manner of the living of the
character 1986: 465. In this novel, it is also told about rural and urban community. Both
of them are setting of the story. Stephen Kumalo, as a main character, lived in rural area in Ndotsheni, Natal. He started his family life from this
rural community. Another setting of place was the city of Johannesburg, where some members of Kumalo’s family went to. They went and got
some problems there. So the social life and situation in city or urban community is definitely different from social life in rural community. In
Stearns’ Encyclopedia of Social History, it is stated that cities create distinctive societies 2006: 176.
In book of Human Society, it is said that In modern society one of the great distinctions is that between rural
and urban, between country and city. It is a distinction that has little to do with the primitive communities just discussed because
the village or hamlet in our society, no matter how small, is still subjected to countless urban influences. Whereas the strictly
primitive society is a completely rural society, free from any urban influence, the civilized society is always partially urbanized. The
rural-urban differential is therefore a gradient albeit an important one, with the rural end of the scale never even approaching
absolute rurality Davis, 1948: 315.
4. Theories of Society and Class
