CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of three parts, namely the object of the study, the approach of the study, and the method of the study. The object of the
study talks about the novel being studied; the approach talks about the approach used in this study and the method of the study talks about the
steps taken in analyzing the problem formulation.
A. Object of the Study
The type of work that is going to be analyzed by the writer is a novel. The topic of this analysis is sourced from the novel of Cry, the
Beloved Country. It was written by Alan Paton, a South African writer. The novel was published first in New York in 1948 by Charles Scribners
Sons and in London by Jonathan Cape. The novel is narrated in third person point of view. It contains about 256 pages with three big parts.
Book I consists of chapter 1 to chapter 17. Book II is from chapter 18 to 29, while book III is from chapter 30 to 36. Two cinema adaptations of the
book have been made, the first in 1951 and the second in 1995 http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiCry,_the_Beloved_Country.
Set in Ixopo Ndotsheni and Johannesburg, South Africa, Cry, the Beloved Country talks about racial discrimination that influences the
family of Stephen Kumalo. He has a big family problem about separation
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with some of his family members. His family is destructed by social segregation. Stephen Kumalo is known as a kind and generous man. He is
also considered a pastor, and called Reverend in his village, Ixopo. An ironical thing in this story is how Stephen Kumalo who has good image
and reputation in his village must face the fact that his son, Absalom Kumalo, is a murderer. He is involved in a crime in city of Johannesburg.
While Stephen Kumalo’s younger sister is a prostitute and liquor seller. So Stephen Kumalo becomes ashamed of Gertrude and Absalom’s cases. He
worries about his son and sister’s condition because they do not also write letter anymore. There is no information about them in very long time.
Lack of communication happens to Stephen Kumalo, whose responsibility to keep his family in better life.
His sister, Gertrude Kumalo, goes to Johannesburg to look for her husband, who is recruited to work in mine. While Stephen Kumalo’s son,
Absalom Kumalo, goes to look for her aunt, Gertrude, and never comes back. This condition forces Stephen Kumalo, as a leader of their family, to
overcome this problem. So Stephen Kumalo takes a decision to look for his “lost” family to Johannesburg, where they go from Ixopo. His struggle
to solve his family problem is to reunite all of his families, who goes to Johannesburg and never come back. Although it is difficult, he struggles
hard to look for them and take them back to Ixopo. In this novel, family and social life are told. Paton tells how
difficult for black people in South Africa in getting some treatments in
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their life. He tells a lot of about life of black people in South Africa. The system applied in South Africa influenced their daily life in some aspects,
such as injustice treatment and discrimination by white people. The big influence of this system came to Stephen Kumalos family. Stratification,
injustice, and inequality are most described in the novel. By this injustice treatment, Stephen Kumalo, as a main protagonist character, was a part
with his some members of his family, like his son, his sister, and his brother. Stephen Kumalos struggle to solve his family his family problem
also faces some obstacles because of the bad system of social life and government in South Africa.
So the objective of the study is to know the problems of Stephen Kumalo’s family, such as racial discrimination, shame, failure in
educating family members. Stephen’s struggles that he takes to solve his family problems are rebuilding good relationship between black and
white, facing the feeling of shame directly, and reuniting and rebuilding his family.
B. Approach of the Study
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