by biological processes; psychological dynamics; cultural values; market conditions; demographic changes; the institutions of industrial capitalism,
churches, government, and welfare agencies; and long-term historical changes 2006: 338.
C. Theoretical Framework
The theories above are going to help the writer in analyzing two questions in problem formulation which become the main analysis in this
study. To know the social background of Stephen Kumalo’s family, the meaning of family and understanding about social class variations of
people in South Africa are very important for the writer. Social background of people, especially black people is the focus to help the
writer answer the question about what problem in Stephen Kumalo’s family is. To understand relationship between family and society is very
important too. Theories about family and society are the help for analyzing and answering the questions in problem formulation.
To know the struggle of Stephen Kumalo in solving his family problem is essential to do. The writer attempts to know how the situation
of the city of Johannesburg is described, such as its political situation, race differences, and gaping of economic. Rural and urban communities also
determine individual’s social behavior and also their problem too.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of three parts, namely the object of the study, the approach of the study, and the method of the study. The object of the
study talks about the novel being studied; the approach talks about the approach used in this study and the method of the study talks about the
steps taken in analyzing the problem formulation.
A. Object of the Study
The type of work that is going to be analyzed by the writer is a novel. The topic of this analysis is sourced from the novel of Cry, the
Beloved Country. It was written by Alan Paton, a South African writer. The novel was published first in New York in 1948 by Charles Scribners
Sons and in London by Jonathan Cape. The novel is narrated in third person point of view. It contains about 256 pages with three big parts.
Book I consists of chapter 1 to chapter 17. Book II is from chapter 18 to 29, while book III is from chapter 30 to 36. Two cinema adaptations of the
book have been made, the first in 1951 and the second in 1995 http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiCry,_the_Beloved_Country.
Set in Ixopo Ndotsheni and Johannesburg, South Africa, Cry, the Beloved Country talks about racial discrimination that influences the
family of Stephen Kumalo. He has a big family problem about separation
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