Character REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A literature has some elements to support it, for example in main characters element. But in this chapter, I just explain about the main characters element. Main characters in a literature consists of : character and point of view.

2.1 Character

Character is an important part in building a story although it is just the form of custom or just the authors imagination. Character is very important element in literary work such as novel. The character can be human, or even animal. In a novel the character usually dominated by human as the teacher, while the character in novel hisher own personality equal to human. The personality of the character to act such as emotional, behavioral and all the logical things that deals with the problem which be faced by the character. As quoted by Burhan Nurgyantoro 1981:20 says that character is the persons presented in dramatics of narrative work who are interpreted by reader as being endowed with moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they say and what they do in action. The authors of the narrative work established the characterization by showing two main distinctions as the alternative method for revealing the characters in narrative. In novel, a character may be defined as a verbal representation of human being. Though action, speech, description and commentary, authors portray characters who are worth caring about rooting for Universitas Sumatera Utara and even loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even hate. There can be simplified that the character in a novel is description and representation of a person qualities. It can be shown by the creation of the characters in a novel from their action, gesture, speech, and behavior. These term can be used by the readers to identify the characters in a novel, because the character in a novel has equal qualities as a person in real life. The attempt of the author describe the characters in a narrative work known as a characterization. The authors of the narrative work established the characterization by showing two main distinction as the alternative method for revealing the characters in a narrative; they are indirect presentation or by showing and direct presentation or by telling. In indirect presentation or by showing, the traits of the character are revealed by action and speech presentation or by showing, the traits of the character are revealed by action and speech of the characters, the authors present the character talking and acting, this make the reader infer to what motives and disposition lie behind what the characters are describe by the authors, the narrator, or by other characters. They describe the motives and dispositional qualities of the characters. The distinguishing quality called trait characterization, is different from one character to another. Each of the character has his or her own traits. Characters may be ambititious or lazy, serene or anxious, aggressive or tearful, thoughtful or inconsiderate open or secretive, confident or self doubting, kind or cruel, quite or noisy, visionary or practical, careful or careless, impartial or biased, Universitas Sumatera Utara straightforward or underhanded, “winner” or “losers” and so on. On the other hand, as quoted by Burhan 1985: 57 stated that there are three methods in presenting the character : 1. By the description report, 2. By the action act, 3. By the character thought and speaking. This paper discussed about the main character in Novel Carry Me Down. Therefore, it concern with the definition of main character and peripheral character for clarification of technical terms used in this paper. In character, we also found the division of it. Based on some criteria, the differences of point of view, and observations, character can be categorized as follows : Main Character and Peripheral Character, Protagonist Character and Antagonist Character, Simple Character and complex character, Static Character and Developing Character, Typical and Neutral Character. This is the explanation about Main Character and Peripheral Character: A. Main Character Main character is classified important and kept on performing that it feels dominating the whole story. The narration of this character is considered as the most important in a novel concern. He is the most narrated character, whether as the hero or the one who is affected by the action. Even in certain novels, a main character always present in every event and can be found in every page of the novel concern. Though his superiority values are not always the same, main character in a novel can be more than one Universitas Sumatera Utara B. Peripheral Character There are some characters that are presented only once or a couple times in a story, and it may be in relative short narration. These characters are called peripheral character. The appearance of peripheral character in whole story less, not important, and he appears only if there is any connection with the main character, directly or indirectly.

2.2 Point Of View