NORMA LATERALIS

  Topic - NORMA LATERALIS

Department of human

anatomy BONES 

  FRONTAL

  

  PARIENTAL

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  OCCIPITAL

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  TEMPORAL

  

  SPHENOID

  

  ZYGOMATIC

  

FEATURES TEMPORAL LINES

  The temporal lines have been studied in the norma verticalis. The inferior temporal line, in its posterion part, turns downwards & forewards & becomes continues with the supramastoid crest on the squamous temporal bone near its junction with the mastoid temporal.this crest is continuous ant. with the

Zygomatic arch or zygoma

  The zygomatic arch is a horizontal on the side of the head, in front of the ear, a little above the tragus. It is formed by the temporal process of the zygomatic bone is ant. one- third & the zygomatic process of the temporal bone in post. two –thirds. The zygomatico-

External acoustic meatus

  The external acoustic meatus opens just below the post. part of the posterior root of zygoma, its ant. & inferior margin are formed by the tympanic plates, & the posterosuperior

Masteriod part of the temporal bone

  The mastoid part of the temporal bone lies just behind the external acoustic meatus. It is continuous antero- superiorly with the squamous temporal bone.

  The mastoid temporal bone articulates postero- sup. with the posterinferior part of the parietal

bone at the horizontal parietomastoid suture,&

post. with the squamous occipital bone at the

  The asterion is the point where the parietomastoid , occipitomastoid & lambdoid suture meet. The mastoid process is a breast like projection from the lower part of the mastoid temporal bone, postero-inferior to the external acoustic meatus. It appears during the second year of life. The mastoid foramen

Styloid process

  The styloid process is a needle – like thin , long projection from the norma basalis situated anteromedial to the mastoid process. Temporal fossa Boundaries Above – by the superior temporal line.

  Below – by the upper border of the zygomatic

arch laterally, & by the infratemporal crest

of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone medially.

  Anterior wall - is formed by the zygomatic bone

  

floor

  The ant. part of the floor is crossed by an H- shaped suture where four bones, frontal, parietal, greater wing of sphenoid & temporal adjoin each other.

  This area is termed the pterion. It lies 4 cm above the midpoint of the Infratemporal fossa It is an irregular space below zygomatic arch.

  Boundaries post. Surface of body of maxilla. Ant. –

  infratemporal surface of greater wing of

  Roof – sphenoid.

  lateral pterygoid plate & pyramidal

  Medial – Pterygopalatine fossa This is small pyramidal space situated deeply, below the apex of the orbit.

  Attachments

  1. The temporal fascia is attached to the superior

temporal line & to the area between the two

temporal lines.

  2. The medial surface & lower border of the zygomatic arch give origin to the masseter.

  

3. The gap between the zygomatic arch & the side

  

Structure passing through

foramina

  1. The tympanomastoid fissure on the ant.

  aspect of the base of the mastoid process transmits the auricular branch of vagus nerve.

  

2. The mastoid foramen transmits :-

  a) An emissary vein connecting the sigmoid sinus with the post. auricular

  Thanking you……