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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. THE THEORIES OF SEMANTIC
1. Semantic
Semantics is one of the branches of linguistics. Many linguists commonly describe semantics as the study of meaning. The word semantics comes from
Greek word semantikos which has meaning „relating to sign.‟
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Cliff Goddard 1998 explains semantics as a crucial goal of Chomskyan to describing and
accounting for linguistic competence the knowledge that people must have in order to speak and understand a language.
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Language that people use every day in conversation definitely has meaning. Hence, semantics, the study of meaning, is needed to open up and
describe the meaning within every word, phrase, or sentence.
2. Meaning
Lyons defines, Meanings are ideas or concepts which can be transfered from the mind of the hearer by embodying them as they were, in the form of one
language or another.
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Thus, meaning is the ideas that can be transferred from the mind of the listener to realize the meaning as appropriate in one form or another
language.
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Nick Riemer, Introducing Semantics UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010 p. 4
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Cliff Goddard, Semantic Analysis: A Practical Introduction US: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 1
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John Lyons, Language and Linguistics London: Cambridge University Press, 1981 p. 136.
While Kridalaksana is talking out about meaning is the intention of the speaker, the influence of language units in understanding human behavior, the
relations of equivalence and inequivalence between language, and how to use the language symbols.
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On the other hand, Heasly and Hurford tend to describe that the meaning of the speakers intent poured in the words differently. For that
Heasly and Hurford divide the meaning into two parts, they are speaker and sentence meaning.
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Keraf pointed out that meanings as vocabulary units of a language are contains two aspects, namely the content and aspects of form or
expression. The first aspect is the form that can be absorbed in terms of the five senses, namely to hear or see. While in terms of content is in terms that cause
reactions in the listener or reader mind because the stimulus aspects of earlier forms.
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In Semantik: Pengantar Studi Tentang Makna Aminuddin divides the meaning into three factors:
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1. Socio-cultural systems and outer reality that referred.
2. The speakers.
3. Situational social context of use.
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Harimurti Kridalaksana, Kamus Linguistik Jakarta: Gramedia, 1993 p. 132.
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James R. Hurford Brendan Heasly, Semantics. A Coursebook Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983 p.3.
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Gorys Keraf, Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa Jakarta: Gramedia, 1990 p. 25.
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Aminuddin, Semantik: Pengantar Studi Tentang Makna Bandung: Sinar Baru, 1985 p. 50.
3. Kinds of Meaning
