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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study
Language is an arbitrary sound symbol used by human being for cooperation, communication and identification of himself.
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It means that language is the tool to communicate as a necessity of a human. Human cannot express what
they feel and what they want in mind without language. By language, people describe what is in their mind. And also by language, they transform the
information, or called as communication. Humans are continually creating new expressions and novel utterances
by manipulating their linguistic resources to describe new objects and situations. This property is described as productivity or’creaticity’ or ‘open-endedness’ and
it is linked to the fact that the potential number of utterances in any human language is infinite.
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And, today in many language researches with linguistic background like phonology, morphology, syntax and so on, the most interested one in doing the
research is by studying the language as its function, comunicative function. Because people use language to interact each other. It is called pragmatic: how the
the language is used in communication.
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Harimurti Kridalaksana, “Bahasa dan Linguistik” in Kushartanti, et al., Pesona Bahasa Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2005, p.3.
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George Yule, The Study of Language 3
th
Edition, Cambridge University Press. 2006, p. 10.
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Geoffrey Leech, Principles of Pragmatics. United State of America: Longman, 1983, p. 1
Conversation analysis approach is included in pragmatics. Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics which studies about language structure as a communication
tool between listener and speaker. It also studies the use of language in human communication as determined by condition of society.
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The reasons that pragmatics is interested in this phenomenon is that we seem to be dealing here with a regularity that cannot be captured in a simple
syntactic or semantic ‘rule’, but has be accounted for in other ways. As Bilmes has expressed it, “In everyday talk, we often convey propositions that are not
explicit in our utterances but are merely implied by them. Sometimes we are able to draw such inferences only by referring what has been explicity said to some
conversational principle. In certain of these cases, we are dealing with ‘conversational implicature’” Bilmes 1986:27.
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The term ‘implicature’ goes back to the philosopher Paul Grice, as laid down in his seminal article ‘Logic and Conversation’, which is the published
version of a part of his William James lectures held in 1967 at Harvard University. In Grice’s approach, both ‘what is implicated’ and ‘what is said’ are part of
speaker meaning. ‘What is said’ is that part of meaning that is determined by truth-conditional semantics, while ‘what is implicated’ is that part of meaning that
cannot be captured by truth conditions and therefore belongs to pragmatics. Several types of implicature are distinguished.
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Jacob L. Mey, Pragmatics 2nd Edition Blackwell Publishing: United Kingdom, 2001, p. 6
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Ibid, p. 45
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J. Meibauer.2006, ”Implicature” in J. L. Mey ed Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics 2
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Edition, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark, p. 365
There is discourse in communication. Discourse stretches of language perceived to be meaningful, unified and purposive.
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Without discourse, there is no social reality and without understanding discourse, people cannot understand our
reality, our experience, or us. And discourse brings the spoken language, the written language and the context within which the language is used. Discourse
analysis involves the study of language in use.
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This research is only focused on Analysis Implicature in Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows. This movie is a famous movie directed by David Yates,
written by Steve Kloves based on the novel by J.K. Rowling in 2010. This movie was the last episode from the novel of the adventures of a young wizard, Harry
Potter, the titular character, and his friends Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and
Wizardry. This Reasearch explain about what maxims are violated in the dialogue, how the implicature generated and the meaning of implicature occur in the
diaoluge.
B. Focus of Study
