Mise-en-scène Film Theories

11 lancer on horseback distracted the beast and stabbed its neck and shoulder, rendering it weak. If succeeded, the bull only focused on the lancer while the matador plunged six coloured barbed rods called banderillas into the bull’s shoulder. The bull suffered from injuries and lowered its ground. The last act is called tercio de muerte or in English means death. The matador used red cape and sword to di splay the grace of bullfighting while decreasing the bull’s stamina. Crowds watching this elegant display would shout olé for every movement the matador and the bull made. Finally, the matador ended the bull’s life with one stab into the heart. It may seem exhilarating for the audience, but for the matadors it is not just an entertainment. Bullfighting cripples one out of four matadors during their careers and one out of ten dies Swarupa, 2013. Even though its origin was from Spain, bullfighting in Mexico is indifferent from its origin birthplace. Bullfighting in Mexico was introduced by Spanish conquerors back then.

D. Theoretical Framework

The present study is conducted to analyse the masculinity in a film entitled The Book of Life by Jorge Gutierrez. The focuses of this study are on the masculine characteristics of Manolo, Joaquin, and Carlos as well as its identification related with Pleck’s Male Sex Role Identity and bullfighting in The Book of Life. Several questions are made to guide the flow of this study. The first question is what are the masculine characteristics that Manolo, Joaquin, and Carlos have in Jorge Gutierrez’s The Book of Life and the second question is how do the masculine characteristics particularly on Pleck’s Male Sex Role Identity 12 theory identify itself with bullfighting in Jorge Gutierrez’s The Book of Life. To answer the questions, the researcher acquired relevant theories regarding masculinity and film. The theories are then used to analyse the masculine characteristics in general and relate it with The Book of Life. Gender and film approach are used in this thesis because masculinity is the main discussion in this research while script analysis as well as particular shots or mise-en-scène in the The Book of Life are analysed later in Chapter IV.