c. Re-orientation. It consists of optional-closure of events or
ending. Moreover, Anderson also highlights the structure of recount text that
consists of three main parts,
27
as follows: a.
An orientation. It is a first paragraph that gives background information about who, where, and when.
b. A series of paragraphs. It retells the events in the order in which
they happened. c.
A concluding paragraph. It may include a personal comment not always necessary.
Those are the structures that are described by Utami Widiati, Artono Wardiman, and Mark Anderson. The writer could elaborate that there are three
main structures of recount text. The first is orientation paragraph, it usually gives the background information of text and the participants that are included
in the text. The second is events, it tells what happened in what sequence. The third is reorientation paragraph or a concluding paragraph, it usually include
the ending or a closure or recount.
4. The Grammatical Features of Recount Text
Recount text usually includes the following grammatical features, as Mark and Kathy Anderson state. The language features usually found in a
recount text: proper noun, descriptive words, past tense, words events.
28
a. Proper nouns to identify those involved in the text
b. Descriptive words to give details about who, what, when, where
and how c.
The use of the past tense to retell the events d.
Words that show the order of events for example, first, next, then.
27
Anderson, 1997, op. cit., p. 53.
28
Anderson, 1997, op. cit., p. 50.
Another expert explains the grammatical features of recount. Artono Wardiman assumes
that, “The features are including Who? Where? When? Why?, noun or pronoun, and past tense.”
29
It states that the main features of recount usually consist of three features, participants, noun or pronoun, and
past tense. Another experts, Utami Widiati proposes the features of recount text
that recount text concludes participants and past tense.
30
Widiati states the main features that are included in recount text are participants and past tense.
Those are the features of recount text of Mark Anderson, Artono Wardiman, and Utami Widiati. From those features, the writer summarizes
that the features of recount text as follows: a.
Participants. It gives the detail information about who, when, where, why and how the event happened.
b. Proper noun. It indentifies those involved in the text.
c. Past tense. The tense that tells about the past event.
d. Words that show the order of events. It is the connection between
events such as first, second, then, next, etc.
C. Student Teams-Achievement Divisions STAD
Before discussing about STAD, the writer would like to discuss about the approach of STAD that is Cooperative Learning approach. Many experts state
about the definition of Cooperative Learning approach. The first comes from Richards and
Rodgers, “Cooperative Learning is an approach to teaching that makes maximum use of cooperative activities involving pairs and small groups of
learners in the classroom.”
31
It means that in Cooperative Learning, the students are divided into some groups on learning activities. The small group could be
consisted at least two persons or pairing.
29
Wardiman, et al., 2008, op. cit., p. 117.
30
Widiati, et al., 2008, op. cit., p. 29.
31
Jack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers, Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 192.
