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Based on Mifflin 2009, Lecturing is delivering a lecture or series of lectures or teaching by giving a discourse on some subject
typically to a class.
2.2.2. Scheduling
According to The Oxford Dictionary 2003, schedule is arranging for something to happen at a particular time.
Based on business dictionary, Scheduling is determining when an activity should start or end, depending on its 1 duration, 2
predecessor activity or activities
.
Based on elook dictionary, scheduling is [noun] setting an order and time for planned events.
2.2.3. System
There are many understanding of system, the writer explain them such as:
1. System is a group of parts that are connected or work together, based on Oxford Dictionary 2003.
2. The IEEE standards define a system as: A collection of components organized to accomplish a specific function or set
of functions. IEEE Standard 610.12-1990
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3. According to the Pressman 2005, a system is a collection of related elements related in a way that allows the
accomplishment of some tangible objective. 4. Webster‘s Dictionary defines system in the following way:
a. A set or arrangement of things so related as to form a unity or organic whole;
b. A set of facts, principles, rules. Classified and arranged in an orderly form so as to show a logical plan linking in the
various parts; c. A method or plan of classification or arrangement;
d. An established way of doing something 5. Hartono stated that system is a collection of element or
variable that related each other, organized and did activity to
get some purpose Hartono: 1999, p.2.
6. Davis 1985, stated that system is a part which has related
each other whic is operate together to get some purpose.
7. Lucas 1989, identified system as an organized component
which related each other. 2.3. Software
Based on Pressman 2010, software is 1 instructions computer program that when executed provide desired features, function, and
performance; 2 data structures that enable the programs to addequately
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manipulate information, and 3 descriptive information in both hard copy
and virtual forms that describes the operation and use of the programs.
Today, Software applications divided into seven types. The writer will explain them, such as:
1. System Software. This software is a collection of programs written to service other
programs. Some system software e.g., compilers, editors, and file management utilities processes complex, but determine, information
structures. 2. Application Software
This is a stand alone programs that solve a specific business need. Application software is used to control business functions in real time
e.g., point of sale transaction processing, real time manufacturing process control.
3. Engineering Scientific Software Scientific Software has been characterized by “number crunching”
algorithm. Application range from astronomy to volcanology, from automotive stress analysis to space shuttle orbital dynamics, and from
molecular biology to automated manufacturing. 4. Embedded Software
It resides within a product or system and is used to implement and control features and functions for the end user and for the system
itself. e.g., key pad control for a microwave oven.
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5. Product Line Software It designed to provide a specific capability for use by many different
customers. Product line software can focus on a limited marketplace e.g., inventory control product or address mass consumer markets
e.g., word processing, spreadsheets, computer graphics, multimedia, entertainment, database management, and personal and business
financial applications. 6. Web Application
Web application evolving into sophisticated computing environments that not only provide stand alone features, computing functions, and
content to the end user, but also are integrated with corporate databases and business applications.
7. Artificial Intelegence Software It makes use of non numerical algorithms to solve complex problems
that are not amenable to computation or straightforward analysis. Application within this area include robotics, expert system, pattern
recognition image and voice , artificial neural networks, theorem proving, and game playing according to Pressman 2010.
Based on the explanation above, the writer states that “Lecturing Scheduling System at Informatic Engineering Islamic University Jakarta
Using Genetic Algorithm” is a kind of artificial intelligence software which
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is it use genetic algorithm to translate the problem occured to the programming language then it proceed into software.
2.3.1. Software Engineering
